Oxidation In The Brain

#1 03-18-2008, 02:30 PM

"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"

Nazýroðlu M, Uðuz AC, Gokçimen A, Bülbül M, Karatopuk DU, Türker Y,
Cerçi C
Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.

We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
antioxidant redox system.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_inf...d_name_id=1898

"This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."

Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]

Brand Name
Apo-Tenoxicam

Common Name
tenoxicam

How does this medication work? What will it do for me?

Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.

--------------------------------------

Full Paper
Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of the Drug
Roberto Maffei Facino, Marina Carini, Luisella Saibene
Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy

Keywords
Tenoxicam * NSAIDs * ROS * scavenging activity * antiinflammatory
action

Abstract
The radical scavenging activity of tenoxicam against hydroxyl (HO),
superoxide (O2-), and peroxyl (LOO) radicals, all of them involved in
the inflammatory reactions, has been tested in different cell-free
systems and by different techniques. Tenoxicam is a good scavenger of
both HO radicals (IC50 = 56.7 M), as determined by Electron Spin
Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with the spin trapping (5,5-dimethyl-1-
pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO) technique, and O2- radicals generated by the
phenazine methosulfate/reduced -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (PMS/
NADH) system. The high reactivity of the drug towards HO was confirmed
by the rate constant of reaction with HO (k 1010 M-1s-1), determined
by competition kinetic studies with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. In
addition at a M level (1-5 M) it dose-dependently prevents the
phycoerythrin peroxidation induced by the water-soluble azoinitiator
2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), indicating a
quenching effect on aqueous peroxyl radicals. The HO-entrapping
capacity was confirmed in models more close to the in vivo situation:
tenoxicam inhibits the HO-induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
already at 15 M and the HO-driven lipid peroxidation in
phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) with an IC50 of 10 M. In this
membrane model it delays at 1-10 M level the decomposition of
phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to short-chain alkenals (markers:
total carbonyl functions as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and conjugated
dienes). The high susceptibility of the drug of HO attack is also
demonstrated by its extensive degradation (HPLC studies) when
irradiated with HO radicals. The antioxidant component of tenoxicam
evidenced in this study sheds some light on the hitherto undefined
mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of the drug.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Received: 3 May 1996
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

#2 03-18-2008, 03:48 PM

On Mar 18, 6:22 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote:"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action" <<

"box-behnken design"

Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam - Evaluation via Response Surface
Methodology

Mohammad Edrissia and Nima Razzaghi aslb,*
a Department of Chemical engineering, Amirkabir University of
Technology, Tehran, Iran.
b Department of organic colorants & environmental studies, Institute
for colorants, paints and coatings, Tehran, Iran.
Tel: +98-09122763023, Fax: +98(021)22947537
E-mail: nrazzaghi@gmail.com

Abstract
A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was
applied for study on ferrous ions binding ability to piroxicam in
aqueous solution as a function of three numerical factors (extraction
time, pH, piroxicam concentration) and extractant type as a
categorical variable each in three levels. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) provided a supporting evidence for quadratic model to fit the
experimental data with a correlation value squared (r2) of 0.9433. All
the experimental data resulted by a selective extraction-
spectrophotometric method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was
found to be 0.63%.

Keywords: Piroxicam, iron, spectrophotometry, box-behnken design.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> "Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"
>
> Nazýroðlu M, Uðuz AC, Gokçimen A, Bülbül M, Karatopuk DU, Türker Y,
> Cerçi C
> Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
> Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.
>
> We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
> cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
> antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
> male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
> was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
> intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
> third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
> administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
> peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
> cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
> the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
> A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
> administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
> between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
> treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
> on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
> antioxidant redox system.
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1898
>
> "This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."
>
> Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]
>
> Brand Name
> Apo-Tenoxicam
>
> Common Name
> tenoxicam
>
> How does this medication work? What will it do for me?
>
> Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
> anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
> pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
> arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.
>
> --------------------------------------
>
> Full Paper
> Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
> the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of the Drug
> Roberto Maffei Facino, Marina Carini, Luisella Saibene
> Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, Faculty of Pharmacy,
> University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy
>
> Keywords
> Tenoxicam * NSAIDs * ROS * scavenging activity * antiinflammatory
> action
>
> Abstract
> The radical scavenging activity of tenoxicam against hydroxyl (HO),
> superoxide (O2-), and peroxyl (LOO) radicals, all of them involved in
> the inflammatory reactions, has been tested in different cell-free
> systems and by different techniques. Tenoxicam is a good scavenger of
> both HO radicals (IC50 = 56.7 M), as determined by Electron Spin
> Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with the spin trapping (5,5-dimethyl-1-
> pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO) technique, and O2- radicals generated by the
> phenazine methosulfate/reduced -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (PMS/
> NADH) system. The high reactivity of the drug towards HO was confirmed
> by the rate constant of reaction with HO (k 1010 M-1s-1), determined
> by competition kinetic studies with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. In
> addition at a M level (1-5 M) it dose-dependently prevents the
> phycoerythrin peroxidation induced by the water-soluble azoinitiator
> 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), indicating a
> quenching effect on aqueous peroxyl radicals. The HO-entrapping
> capacity was confirmed in models more close to the in vivo situation:
> tenoxicam inhibits the HO-induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
> already at 15 M and the HO-driven lipid peroxidation in
> phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) with an IC50 of 10 M. In this
> membrane model it delays at 1-10 M level the decomposition of
> phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to short-chain alkenals (markers:
> total carbonyl functions as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and conjugated
> dienes). The high susceptibility of the drug of HO attack is also
> demonstrated by its extensive degradation (HPLC studies) when
> irradiated with HO radicals. The antioxidant component of tenoxicam
> evidenced in this study sheds some light on the hitherto undefined
> mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of the drug.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Received: 3 May 1996
> Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

#3 03-18-2008, 05:16 PM

On Mar 18, 6:32 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam <<

Drugs that Deplete: Iron
Antacids
Anti-inflammatory Medications
Antibiotic Medications
Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
Ulcer Medications

Antacids
Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations
Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide

Anti-inflammatory Medications
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Diclofenac
Diflunisal
Etodolac
Fenoprofen
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
Ketoprofen
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Meclofenamate
Nabumetone
Naproxen
Oxaprozin
Piroxicam
Sulindac
Tolmetin
Salicylates
Aspirin

Antibiotic Medications
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Tobramycin

Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestyramine
Colestipol

Ulcer Medications
Histamine H2 Antagonists
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate
Ranitidine Hydrochloride

© 2008 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights
reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical
System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 401.328.9600 or
1.800.492.5538

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 18, 6:22 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> wrote:"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action" <<
>
> "box-behnken design"
>
> Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam - Evaluation via Response Surface
> Methodology
>
> Mohammad Edrissia and Nima Razzaghi aslb,*
> a Department of Chemical engineering, Amirkabir University of
> Technology, Tehran, Iran.
> b Department of organic colorants & environmental studies, Institute
> for colorants, paints and coatings, Tehran, Iran.
> Tel: +98-09122763023, Fax: +98(021)22947537
> E-mail: nrazza...@gmail.com
>
> Abstract
> A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was
> applied for study on ferrous ions binding ability to piroxicam in
> aqueous solution as a function of three numerical factors (extraction
> time, pH, piroxicam concentration) and extractant type as a
> categorical variable each in three levels. Analysis of variance
> (ANOVA) provided a supporting evidence for quadratic model to fit the
> experimental data with a correlation value squared (r2) of 0.9433. All
> the experimental data resulted by a selective extraction-
> spectrophotometric method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was
> found to be 0.63%.
>
> Keywords: Piroxicam, iron, spectrophotometry, box-behnken design.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > "Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"
>
> > Nazýroðlu M, Uðuz AC, Gokçimen A, Bülbül M, Karatopuk DU, Türker Y,
> > Cerçi C
> > Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
> > Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> > Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.
>
> > We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
> > cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
> > antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
> > male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
> > was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
> > intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
> > third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
> > administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
> > peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
> > cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
> > the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
> > A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
> > administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
> > between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
> > treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
> > on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
> > antioxidant redox system.
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*------http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1898
>
> > "This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."
>
> > Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]
>
> > Brand Name
> > Apo-Tenoxicam
>
> > Common Name
> > tenoxicam
>
> > How does this medication work? What will it do for me?
>
> > Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
> > anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
> > pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
> > arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.
>
> > --------------------------------------
>
> > Full Paper
> > Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
> > the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of the Drug
> > Roberto Maffei Facino, Marina Carini, Luisella Saibene
> > Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, Faculty of Pharmacy,
> > University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy
>
> > Keywords
> > Tenoxicam * NSAIDs * ROS * scavenging activity * antiinflammatory
> > action
>
> > Abstract
> > The radical scavenging activity of tenoxicam against hydroxyl (HO),
> > superoxide (O2-), and peroxyl (LOO) radicals, all of them involved in
> > the inflammatory reactions, has been tested in different cell-free
> > systems and by different techniques. Tenoxicam is a good scavenger of
> > both HO radicals (IC50 = 56.7 M), as determined by Electron Spin
> > Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with the spin trapping (5,5-dimethyl-1-
> > pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO) technique, and O2- radicals generated by the
> > phenazine methosulfate/reduced -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (PMS/
> > NADH) system. The high reactivity of the drug towards HO was confirmed
> > by the rate constant of reaction with HO (k 1010 M-1s-1), determined
> > by competition kinetic studies with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. In
> > addition at a M level (1-5 M) it dose-dependently prevents the
> > phycoerythrin peroxidation induced by the water-soluble azoinitiator
> > 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), indicating a
> > quenching effect on aqueous peroxyl radicals. The HO-entrapping
> > capacity was confirmed in models more close to the in vivo situation:
> > tenoxicam inhibits the HO-induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
> > already at 15 M and the HO-driven lipid peroxidation in
> > phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) with an IC50 of 10 M. In this
> > membrane model it delays at 1-10 M level the decomposition of
> > phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to short-chain alkenals (markers:
> > total carbonyl functions as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and conjugated
> > dienes). The high susceptibility of the drug of HO attack is also
> > demonstrated by its extensive degradation (HPLC studies) when
> > irradiated with HO radicals. The antioxidant component of tenoxicam
> > evidenced in this study sheds some light on the hitherto undefined
> > mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of the drug.
>
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*------
> > Received: 3 May 1996
> > Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

#4 03-18-2008, 05:16 PM

On Mar 18, 8:41Â*am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
Piroxicam <<

Piroxicam has a Î²-diketone group and is known to have a chelating
property with many metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, aluminium,
and iron (III)

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 18, 6:32 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam Â*<<
>
> Â*Drugs that Deplete: Iron
> Antacids
> Anti-inflammatory Medications
> Antibiotic Medications
> Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> Ulcer Medications
>
> Antacids
> Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations
> Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
> Calcium Carbonate
> Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide
>
> Anti-inflammatory Medications
> Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
> Diclofenac
> Diflunisal
> Etodolac
> Fenoprofen
> Ibuprofen
> Indomethacin
> Ketoprofen
> Ketorolac Tromethamine
> Meclofenamate
> Nabumetone
> Naproxen
> Oxaprozin
> Piroxicam
> Sulindac
> Tolmetin
> Salicylates
> Aspirin
>
> Antibiotic Medications
> Aminoglycosides
> Gentamicin
> Neomycin
> Tobramycin
>
> Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> Bile Acid Sequestrants
> Cholestyramine
> Colestipol
>
> Ulcer Medications
> Histamine H2 Antagonists
> Cimetidine
> Famotidine
> Nizatidine
> Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate
> Ranitidine Hydrochloride
>
> Â© 2008 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights
> reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical
> System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 401.328.9600 or
> 1.800.492.5538
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Mar 18, 6:22 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> > wrote:"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action" <<
>
> > "box-behnken design"
>
> > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam - Evaluation via Response Surface
> > Methodology
>
> > Mohammad Edrissia and Nima Razzaghi aslb,*
> > a Department of Chemical engineering, Amirkabir University of
> > Technology, Tehran, Iran.
> > b Department of organic colorants & environmental studies, Institute
> > for colorants, paints and coatings, Tehran, Iran.
> > Tel: +98-09122763023, Fax: +98(021)22947537
> > E-mail: nrazza...@gmail.com
>
> > Abstract
> > A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was
> > applied for study on ferrous ions binding ability to piroxicam in
> > aqueous solution as a function of three numerical factors (extraction
> > time, pH, piroxicam concentration) and extractant type as a
> > categorical variable each in three levels. Analysis of variance
> > (ANOVA) provided a supporting evidence for quadratic model to fit the
> > experimental data with a correlation value squared (r2) of 0.9433. All
> > the experimental data resulted by a selective extraction-
> > spectrophotometric method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was
> > found to be 0.63%.
>
> > Keywords: Piroxicam, iron, spectrophotometry, box-behnken design.
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > "Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"
>
> > > NazÃ½roÃ°lu M, UÃ°uz AC, GokÃ§imen A, BÃ¼lbÃ¼lM, Karatopuk DU, TÃ¼rker Y,
> > > CerÃ§i C
> > > Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
> > > Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> > > Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.
>
> > > We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
> > > cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
> > > antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
> > > male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
> > > was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
> > > intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
> > > third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
> > > administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
> > > peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
> > > cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
> > > the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
> > > A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
> > > administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
> > > between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
> > > treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
> > > on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
> > > antioxidant redox system.
> > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*Â*------http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1898
>
> > > "This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."
>
> > > Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]
>
> > > Brand Name
> > > Apo-Tenoxicam
>
> > > Common Name
> > > tenoxicam
>
> > > How does this medication work? What will it do for me?
>
> > > Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
> > > anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
> > > pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
> > > arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.
>
> > > --------------------------------------
>
> > > Full Paper
> > > Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
> > > the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of the Drug
> > > Roberto Maffei Facino, Marina Carini, Luisella Saibene
> > > Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, Faculty of Pharmacy,
> > > University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy
>
> > > Keywords
> > > Tenoxicam * NSAIDs * ROS * scavenging activity * antiinflammatory
> > > action
>
> > > Abstract
> > > The radical scavenging activity of tenoxicam against hydroxyl (HO),
> > > superoxide (O2-), and peroxyl (LOO) radicals, all of them involved in
> > > the inflammatory reactions, has been tested in different cell-free
> > > systems and by different techniques. Tenoxicam is a good scavenger of
> > > both HO radicals (IC50 = 56.7 M), as determined by Electron Spin
> > > Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with the spin trapping (5,5-dimethyl-1-
> > > pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO) technique, and O2- radicals generated by the
> > > phenazine methosulfate/reduced -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (PMS/
> > > NADH) system. The high reactivity of the drug towards HO was confirmed
> > > by the rate constant of reaction with HO (k Â*1010 M-1s-1), determined
> > > by competition kinetic studies with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. In
> > > addition at a M level (1-5 M) it dose-dependently prevents the
> > > phycoerythrin peroxidation induced by the water-soluble azoinitiator
> > > 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), indicating a
> > > quenching effect on aqueous peroxyl radicals. The HO-entrapping
> > > capacity was confirmed in models more close to the in vivo situation:
> > > tenoxicam inhibits the HO-induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
> > > already at 15 M and the HO-driven lipid peroxidation in
> > > phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) with an IC50 of 10 M. In this
> > > membrane model it delays at 1-10 M level the decomposition of
> > > phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to short-chain alkenals (markers:
> > > total carbonyl functions as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and conjugated
> > > dienes). The high susceptibility of the drug of HO attack is also
> > > demonstrated by its extensive degradation (HPLC studies) when
> > > irradiated with HO radicals. The antioxidant component of tenoxicam
> > > evidenced in this study sheds some light on the hitherto undefined
> > > mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of the drug.
>
> > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*Â*------
> > > Received: 3 May 1996
> > > Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk-Hide quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

#5 03-18-2008, 05:16 PM

On Mar 18, 8:57Â*am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote:Î²-diketone <<

"THC"

Titre du document / Document title
Involvement of the Î²-diketone moiety in the antioxidative mechanism of
tetrahydrocurcumin
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
SUGIYAMA Y. (1) ; KAWAKISHI S. (1) ; OSAWA T. (1) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University,
Nagoya 464-01, JAPON

RÃ©sumÃ© / Abstract
We examined the inhibitory effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin
(THC), one of the major metabolites of curcumin, on the lipid
peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane ghosts induced by tert-
butylhydroperoxide. The results demonstrated that THC showed a greater
inhibitory effect than curcumin. To investigate the mechanism of
antioxidative activity, we examined the effects of several inhibitors,
such as antioxidant enzymes, hydroxyl radical scavengers, [1]O[2]
quencher, and chelating agents for metal ions. Given that all
inhibitors failed to inhibit membrane peroxidation, THC must scavenge
radicals such as tert-butoxyl radical and peroxyl radical. To clarify
the antioxidative mechanism of THC, in particular the role of the Î²-
diketone moiety, dimethylated THC was incubated with peroxyl radicals
generated by thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
Four oxidation products were detected, three of which were identified
as 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3',4'-dimethoxyacetophenone, and 3-(3,4-
dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid. The fourth oxidation product seems to
be an unstable intermediate, and its detailed structure has not been
determined. These results suggest that the Î²-diketone moiety of THC
must exhibit antioxidative activity by cleavage of the C-C bond at the
active methylene carbon between two carbonyls in the Î²-diketone
moiety. Because THC is one of the major metabolites of curcumin, it
may also exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties
as the active form of curcumin in vivo by means of the Î²-diketone
moiety as well as phenolic hydroxy groups.
Revue / Journal Title
Biochemical pharmacology (Biochem. pharmacol.) ISSN 0006-2952
CODEN BCPCA6
Source / Source
1996, vol. 52, no4, pp. 519-525 (27 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais

Editeur / Publisher
Elsevier Science, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1958) (Revue)

Mots-clÃ©s anglais / English Keywords
Curcumin ; Metabolite ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant origin ; Medicinal
plant ; Antioxidant ; Radical scavenger ; Structure activity
relation ; Diketone ; Mechanism of action ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
Mots-clÃ©s franÃ§ais / French Keywords
Curcumine ; MÃ©tabolite ; Pharmacognosie ; Origine vÃ©gÃ©tale ; Plante
mÃ©dicinale ; Antioxydant ; Intercepteur radical ; Relation structure
activitÃ© ; DicÃ©tone ; MÃ©canisme action ; In vitro ; Curcuma longa ;
Curcuma ; Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ;
Spermatophyta ;
Mots-clÃ©s espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Curcumina ; Metabolito ; Farmacognosia ; Origen vegetal ; Planta
medicinal ; Antioxidante ; Interceptor radical ; RelaciÃ³n estructura
actividad ; Dicetona ; Mecanismo acciÃ³n ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1418, 35400006383831.0020

Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved

Toute reproduction ou diffusion mÃªme partielle, par quelque procÃ©dÃ© ou
sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra Ãªtre faite sans l'accord
prÃ©alable Ã©crit de l'INIST-CNRS.
No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form
or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS.

NÂº notice refdoc (ud4) : 3185148

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 18, 8:41Â*am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> Piroxicam <<
>
> Piroxicam has a Î²-diketone group and is known to have a chelating
> property with many metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, aluminium,
> and iron (III)
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Mar 18, 6:32 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam Â*<<
>
> > Â*Drugs that Deplete: Iron
> > Antacids
> > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > Antibiotic Medications
> > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > Ulcer Medications
>
> > Antacids
> > Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations
> > Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
> > Calcium Carbonate
> > Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide
>
> > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
> > Diclofenac
> > Diflunisal
> > Etodolac
> > Fenoprofen
> > Ibuprofen
> > Indomethacin
> > Ketoprofen
> > Ketorolac Tromethamine
> > Meclofenamate
> > Nabumetone
> > Naproxen
> > Oxaprozin
> > Piroxicam
> > Sulindac
> > Tolmetin
> > Salicylates
> > Aspirin
>
> > Antibiotic Medications
> > Aminoglycosides
> > Gentamicin
> > Neomycin
> > Tobramycin
>
> > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > Bile Acid Sequestrants
> > Cholestyramine
> > Colestipol
>
> > Ulcer Medications
> > Histamine H2 Antagonists
> > Cimetidine
> > Famotidine
> > Nizatidine
> > Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate
> > Ranitidine Hydrochloride
>
> > Â© 2008 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights
> > reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical
> > System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 401.328.9600 or
> > 1.800.492.5538
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > On Mar 18, 6:22 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> > > wrote:"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action" <<
>
> > > "box-behnken design"
>
> > > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam - Evaluation via Response Surface
> > > Methodology
>
> > > Mohammad Edrissia and Nima Razzaghi aslb,*
> > > a Department of Chemical engineering, Amirkabir University of
> > > Technology, Tehran, Iran.
> > > b Department of organic colorants & environmental studies, Institute
> > > for colorants, paints and coatings, Tehran, Iran.
> > > Tel: +98-09122763023, Fax: +98(021)22947537
> > > E-mail: nrazza...@gmail.com
>
> > > Abstract
> > > A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was
> > > applied for study on ferrous ions binding ability to piroxicam in
> > > aqueous solution as a function of three numerical factors (extraction
> > > time, pH, piroxicam concentration) and extractant type as a
> > > categorical variable each in three levels. Analysis of variance
> > > (ANOVA) provided a supporting evidence for quadratic model to fit the
> > > experimental data with a correlation value squared (r2) of 0.9433. All
> > > the experimental data resulted by a selective extraction-
> > > spectrophotometric method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was
> > > found to be 0.63%.
>
> > > Keywords: Piroxicam, iron, spectrophotometry, box-behnken design.
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > > "Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"
>
> > > > NazÃ½roÃ°lu M, UÃ°uz AC, GokÃ§imen A, BÃ¼lbÃ¼l M, Karatopuk DU, TÃ¼rker Y,
> > > > CerÃ§i C
> > > > Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
> > > > Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> > > > Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.
>
> > > > We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
> > > > cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
> > > > antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
> > > > male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
> > > > was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
> > > > intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
> > > > third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
> > > > administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
> > > > peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
> > > > cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
> > > > the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
> > > > A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
> > > > administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
> > > > between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
> > > > treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
> > > > on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
> > > > antioxidant redox system.
> > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*Â*Â*------http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details..asp?brand_name_id=1898
>
> > > > "This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."
>
> > > > Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]
>
> > > > Brand Name
> > > > Apo-Tenoxicam
>
> > > > Common Name
> > > > tenoxicam
>
> > > > How does this medication work? What will it do for me?
>
> > > > Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
> > > > anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
> > > > pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
> > > > arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.
>
> > > > --------------------------------------
>
> > > > Full Paper
> > > > Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
> > > > the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of the Drug
> > > > Roberto Maffei Facino, Marina Carini, Luisella Saibene
> > > > Istituto Chimico Farmaceutico Tossicologico, Faculty of Pharmacy,
> > > > University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy
>
> > > > Keywords
> > > > Tenoxicam * NSAIDs * ROS * scavenging activity * antiinflammatory
> > > > action
>
> > > > Abstract
> > > > The radical scavenging activity of tenoxicam against hydroxyl (HO),
> > > > superoxide (O2-), and peroxyl (LOO) radicals, all of them involved in
> > > > the inflammatory reactions, has been tested in different cell-free
> > > > systems and by different techniques. Tenoxicam is a good scavenger of
> > > > both HO radicals (IC50 = 56.7 M), as determined by Electron Spin
> > > > Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with the spin trapping (5,5-dimethyl-1-
> > > > pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO) technique, and O2- radicals generated by the
> > > > phenazine methosulfate/reduced -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (PMS/
> > > > NADH) system. The high reactivity of the drug towards HO was confirmed
> > > > by the rate constant of reaction with HO (k Â*1010 M-1s-1), determined
> > > > by competition kinetic studies with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. In
> > > > addition at a M level (1-5 M) it dose-dependently prevents the
> > > > phycoerythrin peroxidation induced by the water-soluble azoinitiator
> > > > 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), indicating a
> > > > quenching effect on aqueous peroxyl radicals. The HO-entrapping
> > > > capacity was confirmed in models more close to the in vivo situation:
> > > > tenoxicam inhibits the HO-induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid
> > > > already at 15 M and the HO-driven lipid peroxidation in
> > > > phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) with an IC50 of 10 M. In this
> > > > membrane model it delays at 1-10 M level the decomposition of
> > > > phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to short-chain alkenals (markers:
> > > > total carbonyl functions as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and conjugated
> > > > dienes). The high susceptibility of the drug of HO attack is also
> > > > demonstrated by its extensive degradation (HPLC studies) when
> > > > irradiated with HO radicals. The antioxidant component of tenoxicam
> > > > evidenced in this study sheds some light on the hitherto undefined
> > > > mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of the drug.
>
> > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*Â*Â*------
> > > > Received: 3 May 1996
> > > > Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
>
> > > > Who loves ya.
> > > > Tom
>
> > > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk-Hidequoted text -
>
> > > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

#6 03-18-2008, 08:14 PM

On Mar 18, 9:02 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
Î²-diketone <<

"Dibenzoylmethane, a Î²-diketone Analogue"

Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC(B)Vol. 25, No. 3, 2001. pp. 158-165
Mechanistic Studies on the Inhibitory Action of Dietary
Dibenzoylmethane,
a Î²-diketone Analogue of Curcumin, on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-
induced
Mammary Tumorigenesis
Laboratory for Cancer Research
College of PharmacyRutgers, the State University of New Jersey
Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
CHUAN-CHUANLIN*,**,***, CHI-TANGHO**ANDMOU-TUANHUANG**
Department of Food ScienceCook College Rutgers, the State University
of New Jersey
New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A.***Graduate Institute of Food Science and
Technology
National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
(Received October 18, 2000; Accepted December 15, 2000)
ABSTRACT
Dietary factors play important roles in the carcinogenic process.
The results of epidemiological data and some
laboratory animal studies indicate that certain naturally occurring
and synthetic components are able to block
the carcino-genic process and inhibit the development of certain
cancers.
Dibenzoylmethane (DBM), a curcumin-related Î²-diketoneanalogue has been
reported to exhibit a remarkable inhibitory effect on 7,12-
dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-in-duced mammary tumorigenesis in
Sencar mice.
The present study investigated the possible mechanisms of
inhibitoryaction of DBM on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in
mice.
The summarized results indicate that: (1) in in-vitro studies, DBM
inhibited DMBA metabolism and the formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in a
dose-dependent manner; (2)in the assay of competitive binding to
estrogen receptors with [3H]-estradiol in vitro, DBM showed weak
binding affinity;(3) in vivo, feeding of 1% DBM in the diet of
immature Sencar mice for 4 â€“ 5 weeks decreased the uterine and
parametrialfat pad weights, and lowered the serum estrogen and
triglyceride levels.
This study provides insight into the mechanisms involved in the
inhibitory action of DBM in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
Key Words: 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, dibenzoylmethane, curcumin,
Î²-diketone, mammary tumorigenesis,chemoprevention

-------------------------

"Further examination disclosed the presence of the iron chelating
activity"

Takano K, Kitao Y, Tabata Y, Miura H, Sato K, Takuma K, Yamada K,
Hibino S, Choshi T, Iinuma M, Suzuki H, Murakami R, Yamada M, Ogawa S,
Hori O
A DIBENZOYLMETHANE (DBM) DERIVATIVE PROTECTS DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS
AGAINST BOTH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ENDOPLAMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS.
[JOURNAL ARTICLE]
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007 Oct 3.

The enhancement of intracellular stresses such as oxidative stress and
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in several
neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD).
During a search for compounds that regulate ER stress, a
dibenzoylmethane (DBM) derivative 14-26 (2,2'-
dimethoxydibenzoylmethane) was identified as a novel neuroprotective
agent.
Analysis in SH-SY5Y cells and in PC12 cells revealed that the
regulation of ER stress by 14-26 was associated with its anti-
oxidative property.
14-26 prevented the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when
exposing the cells to oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 6-
hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or an ER stressor brefeldin A (BFA).
14-26 also prevented ROS-induced damage in both the ER and the
mitochondria including the protein carbonylation in the microsome and
the reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Further examination disclosed the presence of the iron chelating
activity in 14-26.
In vivo, 14-26 suppressed both oxidative stress and ER stress, and
prevented neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc)
after injection of 6-OHDA in mice.
These results suggest that 14-26 is an anti-oxidant that protects
dopaminergic neurons against both oxidative stress and ER stress, and
could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of PD.
Key words: neuronal cell death, stress response, Parkinson's disease.
More from this journal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 18, 8:57 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> wrote:Î²-diketone <<
>
> "THC"
>
> Titre du document / Document title
> Involvement of the Î²-diketone moiety in the antioxidative mechanism of
> tetrahydrocurcumin
> Auteur(s) / Author(s)
> SUGIYAMA Y. (1) ; KAWAKISHI S. (1) ; OSAWA T. (1) ;
> Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
> (1) Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University,
> Nagoya 464-01, JAPON
>
> RÃ©sumÃ© / Abstract
> We examined the inhibitory effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin
> (THC), one of the major metabolites of curcumin, on the lipid
> peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane ghosts induced by tert-
> butylhydroperoxide. The results demonstrated that THC showed a greater
> inhibitory effect than curcumin. To investigate the mechanism of
> antioxidative activity, we examined the effects of several inhibitors,
> such as antioxidant enzymes, hydroxyl radical scavengers, [1]O[2]
> quencher, and chelating agents for metal ions. Given that all
> inhibitors failed to inhibit membrane peroxidation, THC must scavenge
> radicals such as tert-butoxyl radical and peroxyl radical. To clarify
> the antioxidative mechanism of THC, in particular the role of the Î²-
> diketone moiety, dimethylated THC was incubated with peroxyl radicals
> generated by thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
> Four oxidation products were detected, three of which were identified
> as 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3',4'-dimethoxyacetophenone, and 3-(3,4-
> dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid. The fourth oxidation product seems to
> be an unstable intermediate, and its detailed structure has not been
> determined. These results suggest that the Î²-diketone moiety of THC
> must exhibit antioxidative activity by cleavage of the C-C bond at the
> active methylene carbon between two carbonyls in the Î²-diketone
> moiety. Because THC is one of the major metabolites of curcumin, it
> may also exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties
> as the active form of curcumin in vivo by means of the Î²-diketone
> moiety as well as phenolic hydroxy groups.
> Revue / Journal Title
> Biochemical pharmacology (Biochem. pharmacol.) ISSN 0006-2952
> CODEN BCPCA6
> Source / Source
> 1996, vol. 52, no4, pp. 519-525 (27 ref.)
> Langue / Language
> Anglais
>
> Editeur / Publisher
> Elsevier Science, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1958) (Revue)
>
> Mots-clÃ©s anglais / English Keywords
> Curcumin ; Metabolite ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant origin ; Medicinal
> plant ; Antioxidant ; Radical scavenger ; Structure activity
> relation ; Diketone ; Mechanism of action ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
> Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
> Mots-clÃ©s franÃ§ais / French Keywords
> Curcumine ; MÃ©tabolite ; Pharmacognosie ; Origine vÃ©gÃ©tale ; Plante
> mÃ©dicinale ; Antioxydant ; Intercepteur radical ; Relation structure
> activitÃ© ; DicÃ©tone ; MÃ©canisme action ; In vitro ; Curcumalonga ;
> Curcuma ; Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ;
> Spermatophyta ;
> Mots-clÃ©s espagnols / Spanish Keywords
> Curcumina ; Metabolito ; Farmacognosia ; Origen vegetal ; Planta
> medicinal ; Antioxidante ; Interceptor radical ; RelaciÃ³n estructura
> actividad ; Dicetona ; Mecanismo acciÃ³n ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
> Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
> Localisation / Location
> INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1418, 35400006383831.0020
>
> Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved
>
> Toute reproduction ou diffusion mÃªme partielle, par quelque procÃ©dÃ© ou
> sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra Ãªtre faite sans l'accord
> prÃ©alable Ã©crit de l'INIST-CNRS.
> No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form
> or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS.
>
> NÂº notice refdoc (ud4) : 3185148
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Mar 18, 8:41 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> > Piroxicam <<
>
> > Piroxicam has a Î²-diketone group and is known to have a chelating
> > property with many metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, aluminium,
> > and iron (III)
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > On Mar 18, 6:32 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> > > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam <<
>
> > > Drugs that Deplete: Iron
> > > Antacids
> > > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > > Antibiotic Medications
> > > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > > Ulcer Medications
>
> > > Antacids
> > > Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations
> > > Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
> > > Calcium Carbonate
> > > Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide
>
> > > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > > Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
> > > Diclofenac
> > > Diflunisal
> > > Etodolac
> > > Fenoprofen
> > > Ibuprofen
> > > Indomethacin
> > > Ketoprofen
> > > Ketorolac Tromethamine
> > > Meclofenamate
> > > Nabumetone
> > > Naproxen
> > > Oxaprozin
> > > Piroxicam
> > > Sulindac
> > > Tolmetin
> > > Salicylates
> > > Aspirin
>
> > > Antibiotic Medications
> > > Aminoglycosides
> > > Gentamicin
> > > Neomycin
> > > Tobramycin
>
> > > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > > Bile Acid Sequestrants
> > > Cholestyramine
> > > Colestipol
>
> > > Ulcer Medications
> > > Histamine H2 Antagonists
> > > Cimetidine
> > > Famotidine
> > > Nizatidine
> > > Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate
> > > Ranitidine Hydrochloride
>
> > > Â© 2008 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights
> > > reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical
> > > System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 401.328.9600 or
> > > 1.800.492.5538
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > > On Mar 18, 6:22 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> > > > wrote:"Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action" <<
>
> > > > "box-behnken design"
>
> > > > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam - Evaluation via Response Surface
> > > > Methodology
>
> > > > Mohammad Edrissia and Nima Razzaghi aslb,*
> > > > a Department of Chemical engineering, Amirkabir University of
> > > > Technology, Tehran, Iran.
> > > > b Department of organic colorants & environmental studies, Institute
> > > > for colorants, paints and coatings, Tehran, Iran.
> > > > Tel: +98-09122763023, Fax: +98(021)22947537
> > > > E-mail: nrazza...@gmail.com
>
> > > > Abstract
> > > > A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was
> > > > applied for study on ferrous ions binding ability to piroxicam in
> > > > aqueous solution as a function of three numerical factors (extraction
> > > > time, pH, piroxicam concentration) and extractant type as a
> > > > categorical variable each in three levels. Analysis of variance
> > > > (ANOVA) provided a supporting evidence for quadratic model to fit the
> > > > experimental data with a correlation value squared (r2) of 0.9433. All
> > > > the experimental data resulted by a selective extraction-
> > > > spectrophotometric method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was
> > > > found to be 0.63%.
>
> > > > Keywords: Piroxicam, iron, spectrophotometry, box-behnken design.
>
> > > > Who loves ya.
> > > > Tom
>
> > > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > > > "Undefined mechanism of the antiinflammatory action"
>
> > > > > NazÃ½roÃ°lu M, UÃ°uz AC, GokÃ§imen A, BÃ¼lbÃ¼l M, Karatopuk DU, TÃ¼rker Y,
> > > > > CerÃ§i C
> > > > > Tenoxicam Modulates Antioxidant Redox System and Lipid Peroxidation in
> > > > > Rat Brain. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> > > > > Neurochem Res 2008 Mar 14.
>
> > > > > We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2
> > > > > cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and
> > > > > antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two
> > > > > male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group
> > > > > was used as control. 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight Tenoxicam were
> > > > > intramuscularly administrated to rats constituting the second and
> > > > > third groups for 10 days, respectively. Both dose of Tenoxicam
> > > > > administration resulted in significant increase in the glutathione
> > > > > peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione and vitamins C and E of
> > > > > cortex of the brain. The lipid peroxidation levels in the cortex of
> > > > > the brain were significantly decreased by the administration. Vitamin
> > > > > A and beta-carotene concentration was not affected by the
> > > > > administration. There was no statistical difference in all values
> > > > > between 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam administrated groups. In conclusion,
> > > > > treatment of brain with 10 and 20 mg Tenoxicam has protective effects
> > > > > on the oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical and supporting
> > > > > antioxidant redox system.
> > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*Â*Â*Â*------http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1898
>
> > > > > "This medication works by reducing pain and inflammation."
>
> > > > > Neurochemical research [Neurochem Res]
>
> > > > > Brand Name
> > > > > Apo-Tenoxicam
>
> > > > > Common Name
> > > > > tenoxicam
>
> > > > > How does this medication work? What will it do for me?
>
> > > > > Tenoxicam is one of the family of medications known as nonsteroidal
> > > > > anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication works by reducing
> > > > > pain and inflammation. It is usually used to treat rheumatoid
> > > > > arthritis, osteoarthritis and other related conditions.
>
> > > > > --------------------------------------
>
> > > > > Full Paper
> > > > > Scavenging of Free Radicals by Tenoxicam: A Participating Mechanism in
> > > > > the Antirheumatic/Antiinflammatory Efficacy of
>
> ...
>
> read more Â»- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

#7 03-18-2008, 08:14 PM

On Mar 18, 11:12Â*am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote: Dibenzoylmethane <<

doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00336-X
Copyright Â© 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Dibenzoylmethane, a natural dietary compound, induces HIF-1Î± and
increases expression of VEGF

Nicola J. Mabjeesh, Margaret T. Willard, Wayne B. Harris, He-Ying Sun,
Ruoxiang Wang, Hua Zhong, Jay N. Umbreit, and Jonathan W. Simons
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory
University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322,
USA
Received 17 February 2003. Available online 13 March 2003.

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the major transcription factor
activated during hypoxia.
It is composed of HIF-1Î± and HIF-1Î² subunits. While HIF-1Î² is
constitutively expressed, HIF-1Î± is targeted to proteasome degradation
under normoxic conditions.
Under hypoxia, HIF-1Î± is stabilized and heterodimerizes with HIF-1Î².
Iron chelators have also been reported to stabilize HIF-1Î± protein and
activate HIF-1.
In this study, we investigated the effects of dibenzoylmethane (DBM),
a natural dietary compound and an iron chelator, on HIF-1 pathway.
We found that DBM increases HIF-1Î± protein levels in a dose- and time-
dependent manner.
This induction was accompanied with activation of HIF-1, measured by
reporter gene assay and increased production of its downstream target,
the vascular endothelial growth factor. Mechanistically, HIF-1Î± was
stabilized by DBM at a step prior to ubiquitination.
The effect of DBM on HIF-1 and its low toxicity profile might be
therapeutically beneficial in ischemic diseases.

Author Keywords: Dibenzoylmethane; VEGF; HIF-1Î±; Prostate cancer
cells; Cardiomyocyte

Corresponding author. Fax: 1-404-778-5016

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Volume 303, Issue 1, 28 March 2003, Pages 279-286

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 18, 9:02 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> Î²-diketone <<
>
> "Dibenzoylmethane, a Î²-diketone Analogue"
>
> Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC(B)Vol. 25, No. 3, 2001. pp. 158-165
> Mechanistic Studies on the Inhibitory Action of Dietary
> Dibenzoylmethane,
> a Î²-diketone Analogue of Curcumin, on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-
> induced
> Mammary Tumorigenesis
> Laboratory for Cancer Research
> College of PharmacyRutgers, the State University of New Jersey
> Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
> CHUAN-CHUANLIN*,**,***, CHI-TANGHO**ANDMOU-TUANHUANG**
> Department of Food ScienceCook College Rutgers, the State University
> of New Jersey
> New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A.***Graduate Institute of Food Science and
> Technology
> National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
> (Received October 18, 2000; Accepted December 15, 2000)
> ABSTRACT
> Dietary factors play important roles in the carcinogenic process.
> The results of epidemiological data and some
> laboratory animal studies indicate that certain naturally occurring
> and synthetic components are able to block
> the carcino-genic process and inhibit the development of certain
> cancers.
> Dibenzoylmethane (DBM), a curcumin-related Î²-diketoneanalogue has been
> reported to exhibit a remarkable inhibitory effect on 7,12-
> dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-in-duced mammary tumorigenesis in
> Sencar mice.
> The present study investigated the possible mechanisms of
> inhibitoryaction of DBM on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in
> mice.
> The summarized results indicate that: (1) in in-vitro studies, DBM
> inhibited DMBA metabolism and the formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in a
> dose-dependent manner; (2)in the assay of competitive binding to
> estrogen receptors with [3H]-estradiol in vitro, DBM showed weak
> binding affinity;(3) in vivo, feeding of 1% DBM in the diet of
> immature Sencar mice for 4 â€“ 5 weeks decreased the uterine and
> parametrialfat pad weights, and lowered the serum estrogen and
> triglyceride levels.
> This study provides insight into the mechanisms involved in the
> inhibitory action of DBM in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
> Key Words: 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, dibenzoylmethane, curcumin,
> Î²-diketone, mammary tumorigenesis,chemoprevention
>
> -------------------------
>
> "Further examination disclosed the presence of the iron chelating
> activity"
>
> Takano K, Kitao Y, Tabata Y, Miura H, Sato K, Takuma K, Yamada K,
> Hibino S, Choshi T, Iinuma M, Suzuki H, Murakami R, Yamada M, Ogawa S,
> Hori O
> A DIBENZOYLMETHANE (DBM) DERIVATIVE PROTECTS DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS
> AGAINST BOTH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ENDOPLAMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS.
> [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007 Oct 3.
>
> The enhancement of intracellular stresses such as oxidative stress and
> endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in several
> neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD).
> During a search for compounds that regulate ER stress, a
> dibenzoylmethane (DBM) derivative 14-26 (2,2'-
> dimethoxydibenzoylmethane) was identified as a novel neuroprotective
> agent.
> Analysis in SH-SY5Y cells and in PC12 cells revealed that the
> regulation of ER stress by 14-26 was associated with its anti-
> oxidative property.
> 14-26 prevented the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when
> exposing the cells to oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 6-
> hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or an ER stressor brefeldin A (BFA).
> 14-26 also prevented ROS-induced damage in both the ER and the
> mitochondria including the protein carbonylation in the microsome and
> the reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
> Further examination disclosed the presence of the iron chelating
> activity in 14-26.
> In vivo, 14-26 suppressed both oxidative stress and ER stress, and
> prevented neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc)
> after injection of 6-OHDA in mice.
> These results suggest that 14-26 is an anti-oxidant that protects
> dopaminergic neurons against both oxidative stress and ER stress, and
> could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of PD.
> Key words: neuronal cell death, stress response, Parkinson's disease.
> More from this journal
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Â*-----
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > On Mar 18, 8:57 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
> > wrote:Î²-diketone <<
>
> > "THC"
>
> > Titre du document / Document title
> > Involvement of the Î²-diketone moiety in the antioxidative mechanismof
> > tetrahydrocurcumin
> > Auteur(s) / Author(s)
> > SUGIYAMA Y. (1) ; KAWAKISHI S. (1) ; OSAWA T. (1) ;
> > Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
> > (1) Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University,
> > Nagoya 464-01, JAPON
>
> > RÃ©sumÃ© / Abstract
> > We examined the inhibitory effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin
> > (THC), one of the major metabolites of curcumin, on the lipid
> > peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane ghosts induced by tert-
> > butylhydroperoxide. The results demonstrated that THC showed a greater
> > inhibitory effect than curcumin. To investigate the mechanism of
> > antioxidative activity, we examined the effects of several inhibitors,
> > such as antioxidant enzymes, hydroxyl radical scavengers, [1]O[2]
> > quencher, and chelating agents for metal ions. Given that all
> > inhibitors failed to inhibit membrane peroxidation, THC must scavenge
> > radicals such as tert-butoxyl radical and peroxyl radical. To clarify
> > the antioxidative mechanism of THC, in particular the role of the Î²-
> > diketone moiety, dimethylated THC was incubated with peroxyl radicals
> > generated by thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
> > Four oxidation products were detected, three of which were identified
> > as 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3',4'-dimethoxyacetophenone, and 3-(3,4-
> > dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid. The fourth oxidation product seems to
> > be an unstable intermediate, and its detailed structure has not been
> > determined. These results suggest that the Î²-diketone moiety of THC
> > must exhibit antioxidative activity by cleavage of the C-C bond at the
> > active methylene carbon between two carbonyls in the Î²-diketone
> > moiety. Because THC is one of the major metabolites of curcumin, it
> > may also exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties
> > as the active form of curcumin in vivo by means of the Î²-diketone
> > moiety as well as phenolic hydroxy groups.
> > Revue / Journal Title
> > Biochemical pharmacology Â*(Biochem. pharmacol.) Â*ISSN 0006-2952
> > CODEN BCPCA6
> > Source / Source
> > 1996, vol. 52, no4, pp. 519-525 (27 ref.)
> > Langue / Language
> > Anglais
>
> > Editeur / Publisher
> > Elsevier Science, New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS (1958) (Revue)
>
> > Mots-clÃ©s anglais / English Keywords
> > Curcumin ; Metabolite ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant origin ; Medicinal
> > plant ; Antioxidant ; Radical scavenger ; Structure activity
> > relation ; Diketone ; Mechanism of action ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
> > Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
> > Mots-clÃ©s franÃ§ais / French Keywords
> > Curcumine ; MÃ©tabolite ; Pharmacognosie ; Origine vÃ©gÃ©tale ; Plante
> > mÃ©dicinale ; Antioxydant ; Intercepteur radical ; Relation structure
> > activitÃ© ; DicÃ©tone ; MÃ©canisme action ; In vitro ; Curcuma longa ;
> > Curcuma ; Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ;
> > Spermatophyta ;
> > Mots-clÃ©s espagnols / Spanish Keywords
> > Curcumina ; Metabolito ; Farmacognosia ; Origen vegetal ; Planta
> > medicinal ; Antioxidante ; Interceptor radical ; RelaciÃ³n estructura
> > actividad ; Dicetona ; Mecanismo acciÃ³n ; In vitro ; Curcuma ;
> > Zingiberaceae ; Monocotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ;
> > Localisation / Location
> > INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1418, 35400006383831.0020
>
> > Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved
>
> > Toute reproduction ou diffusion mÃªme partielle, par quelque procÃ©dÃ© ou
> > sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra Ãªtre faite sans l'accord
> > prÃ©alable Ã©crit de l'INIST-CNRS.
> > No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form
> > or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS.
>
> > NÂº notice refdoc (ud4) : 3185148
>
> > Who loves ya.
> > Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > On Mar 18, 8:41 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> > > Piroxicam <<
>
> > > Piroxicam has a Î²-diketone group and is known to have a chelating
> > > property with many metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, aluminium,
> > > and iron (III)
>
> > > Who loves ya.
> > > Tom
>
> > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
> > > > On Mar 18, 6:32 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
> > > > Complexation of Iron with Piroxicam Â*<<
>
> > > > Â*Drugs that Deplete: Iron
> > > > Antacids
> > > > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > > > Antibiotic Medications
> > > > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > > > Ulcer Medications
>
> > > > Antacids
> > > > Aluminum, Calcium, and Magnesium-Containing Preparations
> > > > Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide
> > > > Calcium Carbonate
> > > > Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide
>
> > > > Anti-inflammatory Medications
> > > > Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
> > > > Diclofenac
> > > > Diflunisal
> > > > Etodolac
> > > > Fenoprofen
> > > > Ibuprofen
> > > > Indomethacin
> > > > Ketoprofen
> > > > Ketorolac Tromethamine
> > > > Meclofenamate
> > > > Nabumetone
> > > > Naproxen
> > > > Oxaprozin
> > > > Piroxicam
> > > > Sulindac
> > > > Tolmetin
> > > > Salicylates
> > > > Aspirin
>
> > > > Antibiotic Medications
> > > > Aminoglycosides
> > > > Gentamicin
> > > > Neomycin
> > > > Tobramycin
>
> > > > Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
> > > > Bile Acid Sequestrants
> > > > Cholestyramine
> > > > Colestipol
>
> > > > Ulcer Medications
> > > > Histamine H2 Antagonists
>
> ...
>
> read more Â»- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

#8 03-18-2008, 10:54 PM

Tommy, I think your brain has been oxidized too much. Posting something
10 times is rediculous not to mention spam flooding!!!

..
..
..
..

Donna
..
..
..
..
1.) ANGELS EXIST, but some times, since they don't all have wings, we
call them FRIENDS......

2.) J.K.M.A.

#9 03-19-2008, 02:20 AM

On Mar 18, 11:29Â*am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote

ibenzoylmethane <<

"Natural Dietary Compounds Sulforaphane and Dibenzoylmethane"

So that would be .. plants.

Cancer Research 67, 9937-9944, October 15, 2007. doi:
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1112
Â© 2007 American Association for Cancer Research

Experimental Therapeutics, Molecular Targets, and Chemical Biology

Chemoprevention of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis by Natural Dietary
Compounds Sulforaphane and Dibenzoylmethane Alone and in Combination
in ApcMin/+ Mouse
Guoxiang Shen1,2, Tin Oo Khor1,2, Rong Hu1,2, Siwang Yu1,2, Sujit
Nair1,2, Chi-Tang Ho1,4, Bandaru S. Reddy1,3, Mou-Tuan Huang3, Harold
L. Newmark1,3 and Ah-Ng Tony Kong1,2
1 Center for Cancer Prevention Research, 2 Department of
Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and 3 Susan Lehman
Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New
Jersey and 4 Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey

Requests for reprints: Ah-Ng Tony Kong, Department of Pharmaceutics,
Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New
Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Phone:
732-445-3831, ext. 228; Fax: 732-445-3134; E-mail:
KongT@rci.rutgers.edu.

Cancer chemopreventive agent sulforaphane (SFN) and dibenzoylmethane
(DBM) showed antitumorigenesis effects in several rodent
carcinogenesis models.
In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects and
the underlying molecular mechanisms of dietary administration of SFN
and DBM alone or in combination in the ApcMin/+ mice model.
Male ApcMin/+ mice (12 per group) at age of 5 weeks were given control
AIN-76A diet, diets containing 600 ppm SFN and 1.0% DBM, or a
combination of 300 ppm SFN and 0.5% DBM for 10 weeks.
Mice were then sacrificed, and tumor numbers and size were examined.
Microarray analysis, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemical
staining were done to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms
of cancer chemopreventive effects of SFN and DBM.
Dietary administrations of SFN and DBM alone or in combination
significantly inhibited the development of intestinal adenomas by 48%
(P = 0.002), 50% (P = 0.001), and 57% (P < 0.001), respectively.
Dietary administration of 600 ppm SFN and 1.0% DBM also reduced colon
tumor numbers by 80% (P = 0.016) and 60% (P = 0.103), respectively,
whereas the combination of SFN and DBM treatment blocked the colon
tumor development (P = 0.002).
Both SFN and DBM treatments resulted in decreased levels of
prostaglandin E2 or leukotriene B4 in intestinal polyps or apparently
normal mucosa.
Treatments also led to the inhibition of cell survival and growth-
related signaling pathways (such as Akt and extracellular signal-
regulated kinase) or biomarkers (such as cyclooxygenase-2,
proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cleaved caspases, cyclin D1, and
p21).
In conclusion, ou