Meat induced colon cancer / Chlorophyll

Natural chlorophyll but not chlorophyllin prevents heme-induced
cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects in rat colon.
de Vogel J, Jonker-Termont DS, Katan MB, van der Meer R
J Nutr. 2005 Aug ; 135(8): 1995-2000

Diets high in red meat and low in green vegetables are associated with
an increased risk of colon cancer. In rats, dietary heme, mimicking red
meat, increases colonic cytotoxicity and proliferation of the
colonocytes, whereas addition of chlorophyll from green vegetables
inhibits these heme-induced effects. Chlorophyllin is a water-soluble
hydrolysis product of chlorophyll that inhibits the toxicity of many
planar aromatic compounds. The present study investigated whether
chlorophyllins could inhibit the heme-induced luminal cytotoxicity and
colonic hyperproliferation as natural chlorophyll does. Rats were fed a
purified control diet, the control diet supplemented with heme, or a
heme diet with 1.2 mmol/kg diet of chlorophyllin, copper chlorophyllin,
or natural chlorophyll for 14 d (n = 8/group). The cytotoxicity of
fecal water was determined with an erythrocyte bioassay and colonic
epithelial cell proliferation was quantified in vivo by
[methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation into newly synthesized DNA.
Exfoliation of colonocytes was measured as the amount of rat DNA in
feces using quantitative PCR analysis. Heme caused a >50-fold increase
in the cytotoxicity of the fecal water, a nearly 100% increase in
proliferation, and almost total inhibition of exfoliation of the
colonocytes. Furthermore, the addition of heme increased TBARS in fecal
water. Chlorophyll, but not the chlorophyllins, completely prevented
these heme-induced effects. In conclusion, inhibition of the
heme-induced colonic cytotoxicity and epithelial cell turnover is
specific for natural chlorophyll and cannot be mimicked by
water-soluble chlorophyllins.

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