Meat intake / cancer

New Marker of Colon Cancer Risk Associated with Heme Intake:
1,4-Dihydroxynonane Mercapturic Acid.
Pierre F, Peiro G, Taché S, Cross AJ, Bingham SA, Gasc N, Gottardi G,
Corpet DE, Guéraud F
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Nov ; 15(11): 2274-2279

BACKGROUND: Red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk
of colon cancer. Animal studies show that heme, found in red meat,
promotes preneoplastic lesions in the colon, probably due to the
oxidative properties of this compound. End products of lipid
peroxidation, such as 4-hydroxynonenal metabolites or
8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2)alpha (8-iso-PGF(2)alpha), could reflect this
oxidative process and could be used as biomarkers of colon cancer risk
associated with heme intake. METHODS: We measured urinary excretion of
8-iso-PGF(2)alpha and 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid (DHN-MA),
the major urinary metabolite of 4-hydroxynonenal, in three studies. In
a short-term and a carcinogenesis long-term animal study, we fed rats
four different diets (control, chicken, beef, and blood sausage as a
high heme diet). In a randomized crossover human study, four different
diets were fed (a 60 g/d red meat baseline diet, 120 g/d red meat,
baseline diet supplemented with heme iron, and baseline diet
supplemented with non-heme iron). RESULTS: DHN-MA excretion increased
dramatically in rats fed high heme diets, and the excretion paralleled
the number of preneoplastic lesions in azoxymethane initiated rats (P <
0.0001). In the human study, the heme supplemented diet resulted in a
2-fold increase in DHN-MA (P < 0.001). Urinary 8-iso-PGF(2)alpha
increased moderately in rats fed a high heme diet (P < 0.0001), but not
in humans. CONCLUSION: Urinary DHN-MA is a useful noninvasive biomarker
for determining the risk of preneoplastic lesions associated with heme
iron consumption and should be further investigated as a potential
biomarker of colon cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2006;15(11):2274-9).


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