methanol in blood during experimental alcohol hangover, YS Woo et al, 2005 Dec, Addict Biol: related studies: aspartame, an equal methanol source: Murray 2006.12.29

methanol in blood during experimental alcohol hangover, YS Woo et al,
2005 Dec, Addict Biol: related studies: aspartame, an equal methanol
source: Murray 2006.12.29
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1394

Re: http://www.livescience.com/othernews...overmyths.html
Alcohol and Hangover Myths Revealed
By Corey Binns Special to LiveScience posted: 29 December 2006
06:27 am ET


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1286
methanol products (formaldehyde and formic acid) are main cause of
alcohol hangover symptoms [same as from similar amounts of
methanol, the 11% part of aspartame]: YS Woo et al, 2005 Dec:
Murray 2006.01.20

Addict Biol. 2005 Dec;10(4): 351-5.
Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during
an experimentally induced alcohol hangover state.
Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT, Kim DJ.
Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry,
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/ sysop@catholic.ac.kr
Songsin Campus: 02-740-9714 Songsim Campus: 02-2164-4116
Songeui Campus: 02-2164-4114
http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/sub055.htm eight hospitals

[ Han-Kyu Lee ]

A hangover is characterized by the unpleasant physical and mental
symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 hours after drinking alcohol.
After inducing experimental hangover in normal individuals,
we measured the methanol concentration prior to
and after alcohol consumption
and we assessed the association between the hangover condition
and the blood methanol level.

A total of 18 normal adult males participated in this study.
They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric
or medical disorders.

The blood ethanol concentration prior to the alcohol intake
(2.26+/-2.08) was not significantly different from that
13 hours after the alcohol consumption (3.12+/-2.38).

However, the difference of methanol concentration
between the day of experiment (prior to the alcohol intake)
and the next day (13 hours after the alcohol intake)
was significant (2.62+/-1.33/l vs. 3.88+/-2.10/l, respectively).

[ So, the normal methanol level was 2.62 mg per liter,
and increasing that by 50% = 1.3 mg per liter to 3.88 mg per liter
caused hangover symptoms. The human body has about
5.6 liters blood, so adding 1.3 mg per liter gives an estimate
of 7.3 mg added methanol, as much as 4 oz diet soda.

Diet soda is about 200 mg aspartame per 12 oz can,
which is 22 mg (11% methanol), 1.83 mg methanol per ounce.

This suggests that alcohol drinkers are more sensitive to methanol
than the average diet soda drinker, some of whom find symptoms
from a third of a diet soda. ]

A significant positive correlation was observed
between the changes of blood methanol concentration
and hangover subjective scale score increment when covarying
for the changes of blood ethanol level (r=0.498, p<0.05).

This result suggests the possible correlation of methanol
as well as its toxic metabolite to hangover. PMID: 16318957

[ The "toxic metabolite" of methanol is formaldehyde, which in turn
partially becomes formic acid -- both potent cumulative toxins
that are the actual cause of the toxicity of methanol. ]


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1307
formaldehyde from 11% methanol part of aspartame or from red wine
causes same toxicity (hangover) harm: Murray 2006.05.24

Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide
similar levels of methanol, above 120 mg daily, for
long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans.

Within hours, methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde,
and thence largely into formic acid -- the major causes of the dreaded
symptoms of "next morning" hangover.


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M
et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are
degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke:
Murray 2005.04.02


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1106
hangover research relevant to toxicity of 11% methanol in aspartame
(formaldehyde, formic acid): Calder I (full text): Jones AW: Murray
2004.07.26 rmforall

Since no adaquate data has ever been published on the exact disposition
of toxic metabolites in specific tissues in humans of the 11% methanol
component of aspartame, the many studies on morning-after hangover from
the methanol impurity in alcohol drinks are the main available resource
to date.

Jones AW (1987) found next-morning hangover from red wine with 100 to
150 mg methanol
(9.5% w/v ethanol, 100 mg/l methanol, 0.01%, one part in ten thousand).

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame in 2 L diet
soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg methanol (wood alcohol) --
the same amount that produces hangover from red wine.

The expert review by Monte WC (1984) states: "An alcoholic consuming
1500 calories a day from alcoholic sources alone may consume between 0
and 600 mg of methanol each day depending on his choice of beverages
(Table 1)...."
Table 1 lists red wine as having 128 mg/l methanol, about one part in
ten thousand.

An editorial review by Ian Calder, F.R.C.A., "Hangovers: not the
ethanol -- perhaps the methanol", British Medical Journal 1997 Jan 4;
314(7073): 2
[ Tel/Fax: 0171 720 9279 Consultant Anaesthetist at the National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WCIN 3BG, UK ]
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/search.dtl search to get free full text ] ,
states:

"In fact, ethanol itself may play only a minor part in producing the
thirst, headache, fatigue, nausea, sweating, tremor, remorse, and
anxiety that hangover sufferers report...[Also, dizziness is common.]

"Between a quarter and a half of drinkers claim not to experience
hangover symptoms despite having been intoxicated. (three citations)"

The symptom list is similar to reports by aspartame reactors.

If only a fraction of aspartame users happen to be vulnerable to the
methanol, that would account well for the disbelief by those who are
not aspartame reactors, as well as the scientific difficulty in proving
aspartame toxicity in the general population.

Research can study whether the hangover prone are also vulnerable to
aspartame, methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid, and determine the
specific biochemistry for different groups.

Hangover treatments may help aspartame reactors. For instance, adequate
folic acid (folate) helps humans eliminate toxic products from
methanol.

Reprod Toxicol. 1996 Nov-Dec; 10(6): 455-63.
Influence of dietary folic acid on the developmental toxicity of
methanol and the frequency of chromosomal breakage in the CD-1 mouse.
Fu SS, Sakanashi TM, Rogers JM, Hong KH, Keen CL.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

"These results show that marginal folate deficiency in pregnant dams
significantly increases the teratogenicity of MeOH." PMID: 8946559

There are no reports of hangover from heavy use of orange juice, 34
mg/l methanol, since the methanol in many fruits and vegetables is
locked up in complex pectin molecules, not released by human digestion.
(Monte WC 1984)

I've never found any reports by aspartame reactors, who are often
sensitive even to a single breath mint or stick of chewing gum (0.4 to
0.8 mg methanol), of having the same symptoms from fruits or
vegetables.


Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Mar; 60(3): 217-20.
Elimination half-life of methanol during hangover.
Jones AW. wayne.jones@RMV.se
Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, SE-581 85
Linkoping, Sweden.

This paper reports the elimination half-life of methanol in human
volunteers.
Experiments were made during the morning after the subjects had
consumed 1000-1500 ml red wine (9.5% w/v ethanol, 100 mg/l methanol)
the previous evening. [ 100 to 150 mg methanol ]
The washout of methanol from the body coincided with the onset of
hangover.
The concentrations of ethanol and methanol in blood were determined
indirectly by analysis of end-expired alveolar air.
In the morning when blood-ethanol dropped below the Km of liver alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) of about 100 mg/l (2.2 mM), the disappearance
half-life of ethanol was 21, 22, 18 and 15 min. in 4 test subjects
respectively.
The corresponding elimination half-lives of methanol were 213, 110, 133
and 142 min. in these same individuals.
The experimental design outlined in this paper can be used to obtain
useful data on elimination kinetics of methanol in human volunteers
without undue ethical limitations.
Circumstantial evidence is presented to link methanol or its toxic
metabolic products, formaldehyde and formic acid, with the pathogenesis
of hangover. PMID: 3588516


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1047
Avoiding Hangover Hell 2003.12.31 Mark Sherman, AP writer: Robert
Swift, MD [ formaldehyde from methanol in aspartame ]: Murray
2004.01.16

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1048
hangovers from formaldehyde from methanol (aspartame?): Schwarcz:
Linsley: Murray 2004.01.18

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1099
Diagnose-Me.com: formaldehyde from 11 % methanol part of aspartame:
recent abstracts for methanol and hangovers: Murray 2004.07.10


http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/search.dtl search to get free full text
British Medical Journal 1997 (4 January); 314(7073): 2. Ian Calder,
F.R.C.A.
[ Tel/Fax: 0171 720 9279 Consultant Anaesthetist at the National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WCIN 3BG, UK ]

Editorials Hangovers: Not the ethanol - perhaps the methanol

"Wine is only sweet to happy men," wrote an unhappy John Keats to his
sweetheart.(1) His observation seems to have been vindicated.

Harburg et al found that psychosocial factors such as guilt about
drinking, a neurotic personality, becoming angry or depressed while
drinking, and having suffered "negative life events" in the past 12
months are better predictors of symptoms of hangover than the amount of
ethanol drunk.(2)

In fact, ethanol itself may play only a minor part in producing the
thirst, headache, fatigue, nausea, sweating, tremor, remorse, and
anxiety that hangover sufferers report.
Hangover symptoms are worst at a time when almost all ethanol and its
metabolite acetaldehyde have been cleared from the blood, and peak
blood ethanol or acetaldehyde levels are not related to the severity of
hangover.(3 )

Between a quarter and a half of drinkers claim not to experience
hangover symptoms despite having been intoxicated.(2, 3, 4)

Congeners -- complex organic molecules such as polyphenols, higher
alcohols including methanol, and histamine, which occur in varying
amounts in ethanolic drinks -- are probably more to blame than ethanol.

Chapman found that hangover symptoms were almost twice as common in
volunteers who drank 1.5 ml/kg [ body weight ] of bourbon whiskey --
which has methanol concentrations of 26 mg/l -- as in those drinking
the same dose of vodka ( 3.9 mg of methanol per litre ). (5)
[ For a 60 kg person, this would be 90 mg bourbon, 0.09 l, giving 2.34
mg methanol, which led to twice as many symptoms as the 0.35 mg
methanol from vodka.
The bourbon gave as about as much methanol as an ounce of diet soda. ]

Pawan compared the hangover produced by different types of drink (but
only one brand of each) in his study of 20 volunteers.
The severity of hangover symptoms declined in the order of brandy, red
wine, rum, whisky, white wine, gin, vodka, and pure ethanol.(6)
Vodka and pure ethanol caused only mild headaches in two volunteers.

Jones has suggested that it is the metabolism of methanol to
formaldehyde and formic acid that causes symptoms of hangover, with
quicker methanol metabolisers suffering more.(7)
The justification for this suggestion is threefold:
the types of drink associated with more severe hangovers contain higher
levels of methanol;
the time course of methanol metabolism corresponds to the onset of
symptoms;
and a small dose of ethanol, which blocks the formation of formaldehyde
and formic acid, provides an effective treatment for hangovers ("the
hair of the dog").

The economic and social consequences of hangovers are probably
considerable but difficult to quantify.
Performance accuracy is impaired synergistically by sleep deprivation
and hangover.(8)
Drivers perform less well in simulators when tested the morning after
drinking ethanol.(9)
Making driving with a hangover a criminal offence might be logical, but
is probably impractical in the absence of a simple diagnostic test like
breath alcohol.

Many pathophysiological disturbances occur during hangover, including
dehydration; metabolic acidosis; hypoglycaemia; disturbed prostaglandin
synthesis; abnormal secretion of vasopressin, cortisol, aldosterone,
renin, and testosterone; increased cardiac output; tachycardia; and
vasodilatation.

Hypoglycaemia and acidosis can be treated with fructose or glucose,(9)
and the cardiovascular abnormalities with ß blockade,(10) but symptoms
are not alleviated.
However, rehydration and anti-inflammatory analgesics are helpful,
particularly if treatment is started before bedtime.(11)

A completely effective treatment is probably unattainable (since so
many factors -- such as lack of sleep, active or passive smoking,
dietary indiscretions, unaccustomed physical activity, intermittent
upper airway obstruction, and emotional disturbances -- must play a
part) and is arguably
undesirable since the fear of hangover prompts most people to moderate
their ethanol intake.(4 )

Even moderate amounts of ethanol can be damaging,(12) so a penalty for
consumption is in our interests. Perhaps those who aspire to be one of
Dr Johnson's "heroes" by drinking brandy (13) are sensible as well as
brave.

Ian Calder, Consultant anaesthetist, Department of Neuroanaesthesia,
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery,
Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG UK

1. Keats J. Letter to Fanny Brawne.
In: Tripp RT, ed. The international thesaurus of quotations. England:
Penguin, 1976: 266.

2. Harburg E, Gunn R, Gleiberman L, DiFranceisco W, Schork A.
Psychosocial factors, alcohol use and hangover signs among social
drinkers: a reappraisal.
J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 413-22. [Medline]

3. Ylikahri RH, Huttunen M, Eriksson CJ, Nikkila EA.
Metabolic studies on the pathogenesis of hangover.
Eur J Clin Invest 1974; 4: 93-100.

4. Smith CM, Barnes GM.
Signs and symptoms of hangover; prevalence and relationship to alcohol
use in a generally adult population.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1983; 11: 249-69. [Medline]

5. Chapman LF.
Experimental induction of hangover.
Q J Stud Alcohol 1970; 5: 67-85. [Medline]

6. Pawan GLS.
Alcoholic drinks and hangover effects.
Proc Nutr Soc 1973; 32: 15A.

7. Jones AW.
Elimination half-life of methanol during hangover.
Pharmacol Toxicol 1987; 60; 217-20.

8. Peeke SC, Callaway E, Jones RT, Stone GC, Doyle J.
Combined effect of alcohol and sleep deprivation in normal young
adults.
Psychopharmacol 1980; 67: 279-87. [Medline]

9. Seppala T, Leino T, Linnoila M, Huttunen MO, Ylikahri RH.
Effects of hangover on psychomotor skills related to driving:
modification by fructose and glucose.
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1976; 38: 209-18.

10. Bogin RM, Nostrant TT, Young MJ.
Propranolol for the treatment of the alcoholic hangover.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1986; 12: 279-84.

11. Khan MA, Jensen K, Krogh HJ.
Alcohol induced hangover. A double blind comparison of pyritinol and
placebo in preventing hangover symptoms.
Q J Stud Alcohol 1973; 34: 1195-201. [Medline]

12. Karhunen PJ, Erkinjuntti T, Laippala P.
Moderate alcohol consumption and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells.
BMJ 1994; 308: 1663-7.

13. Boswell J.
Life of Johnson. April 7th 1779. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1970.

© 2004 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
************************************************** ************


many use 2 L, about 6 cans, of aspartame drinks daily, thus imbibing
123 mg methanol, 4 times the EPA RfD for daily ingestion: EPA IRIS
Hotline: Murray 2006.12.21
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1390

December 21, 2006 Dear EPA IRIS Hotline:

http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/subst/0305.htm Methanol (CASRN 67-56-1)

I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Substance Name -- Methanol
CASRN -- 67-56-1
Last Revised -- 07/01/1993

In general, the RfD [ lifetime allowable daily oral reference dose ] is
an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)
of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a lifetime.

The RfD is given by the NOEL [ No Observed Effects Level in animals ],
divided by the usual safety factor of 1,000.

The animal test data was twenty years ago: Increased SAP and SGPT, and
decreased brain weight, in a U.S. EPA 1986 Rat Oral Subchronic Study,
leading to a NOEL of 500 mg/kg body weight/day.

"The principal study was well-designed and provided adequate
toxicological endpoints, but the method of administration was not
ideal.
The overall data base is weak, lacking data on reproductive,
developmental, or other toxicological endpoints.
The RfD is given a medium confidence rating because of the strengths of
the principal study."

"Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general,
at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov
(internet address)."

So, the human RfD has been set at 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day, which for
a 70 kg person is 35 mg daily.

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame
in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg
methanol (wood alcohol).

If 30% of the methanol is turned into formaldehyde,
the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg,
is 18.5 times the USA EPA alarm limit for daily formaldehyde in
drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water.

Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly
and largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be
monitored, especially for high responsibility occupations, often with
night shifts, such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators."

I would appreciate a thoughtful response by a qualified EPA expert, in
view of the gravity of public hazard from the prevalence of chronic
exposure to methanol in common products worldwide.

Especially prominent as cumulative toxins of very well known potency
is the rapid metabolism of methanol in humans into formaldehyde and
formic acid.

Surely the urgency of adequate, thorough investigation and action to
protect health is obvious and undeniable.

Actually, much profound benefit can be achieved quickly with low
initial research and some resulting economic costs, which of course
will be more than balanced by reductions in medical costs and increases
in economic efficiency, resulting in more public tax revenue and
increased economic activity in the private sector.

Rather than animal studies, as an informed medical layman, I suggest
rapid, powerful, thorough, intensive studies on the symptoms,
biochemistry, and neurological measures of people who have had the
equivalent of 6 cans diet soda for years, with follow through for a
year after aspartame abstinence.

In terms of funding, perhaps the various industries involved would be
eager to support a fully open and transparent public initiative to
definitively settle a slowly increasing chronic controversy.

The liquor industry may find affordable ways of eliminating the roughly
one part in ten thousand methanol impurity.

Some investigations should be made as to whether low dose methanol can
incapacitate bacteria, viruses, and yeasts.

In mutual service, Rich Murray


FDA Commissioner Andrew Von Eschenbach response to NM state senator
Gerald Ortiz y Pino and 11 legislators re aspartame toxicity: Murray
2006.12. 27
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1391
************************************************** *****

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1379
short aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) toxicity research summary:
Murray 2006.12.29

"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority,
to actively find, quickly share, and positively act upon the facts
about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment."

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 76 members, 1,394 posts in a public, searchable archive
http://RMForAll.blogspot.com

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1340
aspartame groups and books: updated research review of 2004.07.16:
Murray 2006.05.11


Coca-Cola carcinogenicity in rats, Ramazzini Foundation, F Belpoggi, M
Soffritti, Annals NY Academy Sciences 2006 Sept, parts of 17 pages:
Murray 2006.12.02
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1385

Fiorella Belpoggi & Morando Soffritti of Ramazzini Foundation prove
lifetime carcinogenicity of Coca-Cola, aspartame, and arsenic, Annals
of the NY Academy of Sciences: Murray 2006.11.28
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1382

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1383 aspartame

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1384 arsenic


soft drinks and adolescent hyperactivity, mental distress, conduct
problems, Lars Lien, Nanna Lien, Sonja Heyerdahl, Mayne Thoresen, Espen
Bjertness 2006 Oct., A J Pub Health: Murray 2006.10.21
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1376

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1375
healthy diet, vitamins, and fish oil help reduce depression and
violence, studies by Joseph Hibbeln, Bernard Gesch, and Stephen
Schoenthaler, articles by Felicity Lawrence in UK Guardian Unlimited
and Pat Thomas in The Ecologist: Murray 2006.10.21


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1378
11 members of New Mexico legislature sign letter to ban aspartame as a
source of toxic methanol and formaldehyde, Stephen Fox, NM Senator
Gerald Ortiz y Pino: Murray 2006.10.22

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1374
47 UK Members of Parliament now support aspartame ban initiative of
Roger Williams, MP: Murray 2006.10.16


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271
combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue,
harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005
education.guardian.co.uk, Felicity Lawrence: Murray 2005.12.21

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1277
50% UK baby food is now organic -- aspartame or MSG
with food dyes harm nerve cells, CV Howard 3 year study
funded by Lizzy Vann, CEO, Organix Brands,
Children's Food Advisory Service: Murray 2006.01.13

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1279
all three aspartame metabolites harm human erythrocyte [red blood cell]
membrane enzyme activity, KH Schulpis et al, two studies in 2005,
Athens, Greece, 2005.12.14: 2004 research review, RL Blaylock:
Murray 2006.01.14

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1366
toxicity in rat brains from aspartame, Vences-Mejia A, Espinosa-Aguirre
JJ et al 2006 Aug: Murray 2006.09.06

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1373
aspartame rat brain toxicity re cytochrome P450 enzymes, expecially
CYP2E1, Vences-Mejia A, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ et al, 2006 Aug,
Hum Exp Toxicol: relevant abstracts re formaldehyde from methanol
in alcohol drinks: Murray 2006.09.29


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1369
Bristol, Connecticut, schools join state program to limit artificial
sweeteners, sugar, fats for 8800 students, Johnny J Burnham, The
Bristol Press: Murray 2006.09.22

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1341
Connecticut bans artificial sweeteners in schools, Nancy Barnes,
New Milford Times: Murray 2006.05.25

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1353
carcinogenic effect of inhaled formaldehyde, Federal Institute of Risk
Assessment, Germany -- same safe level as for Canada:
Murray 2006.06.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1352
Home sickness -- indoor air often worse, as our homes seal in
pollutants
[one is formaldehyde, also from the 11% methanol part of aspartame],
Megan Gillis, WinnipegSun.com: Murray 2006.06.01


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1349
NIH NLM ToxNet HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank
inadequate re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid):
Murray 2006.08.19

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/si...temp/~HwoSfJ:1
HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank: Aspartame

ASPARTAME CASRN: 22839-47-0
METHANOL CASRN: 67-56-1
FORMALDEHYDE CASRN: 50-00-0
FORMIC ACID CASRN: 64-18-6


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052
DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds methanol 98 mg/L
( becomes formaldehyde in body ): EU Scientific Committee on Foods
2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22


http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@holisticmed.com
Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold
12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame.../methanol.html
"Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research"

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/957
safety of aspartame Part 1/2 12.4.2: EC HCPD-G SCF:
Murray 2003.01.12 rmforall EU Scientific Committee on Food,
a whitewash

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1045
http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame...2-response.htm
Mark Gold exhaustively critiques European Commission Scientific
Committee on Food re aspartame ( 2002.12.04 ):
59 pages, 230 references

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1371
Russell L. Blaylock, MD discusses MSG, aspartame, excitotoxins
with Mike Adams: Murray 2006.09.27

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1372
Mike Adams interviews Randall Fitzgerald on "The Hundred Year Lie:
How Food and Medicine are Destroying Your Health" 2006.06.21:
Murray 2006.09.28
************************************************** *****


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/782
RTM: Smith, Terpening, Schmidt, Gums:
full text: aspartame, MSG, fibromyalgia 2002.01.17
Jerry D Smith, Chris M Terpening,
Siegfried OF Schmidt, and John G Gums
Relief of Fibromyalgia Symptoms Following
Discontinuation of Dietary Excitotoxins.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2001; 35(6): 702-706.
Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Gainesville, FL, USA.
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a common rheumatologic
disorder that is often difficult to treat effectively.
CASE SUMMARY: Four patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia
syndrome for two to 17 years are described.
All had undergone multiple treatment modalities with limited success.
All had complete, or nearly complete,
resolution of their symptoms within months after eliminating
monosodium glutamate (MSG) or MSG plus aspartame from their diet.
All patients were women with multiple comorbidities
prior to elimination of MSG.
All have had recurrence of symptoms whenever MSG is ingested.

Siegfried O. Schmidt, MD Asst. Clinical Prof. siggy@shands.ufl.edu
Community Health and Family Medicine, U. Florida, Gainesville, FL
Shands Hospital West Oak Clinic Gainesville, FL 32608-3629
352-376-5071
************************************************** *****