Souring on fake sugar (aspartame), Jennifer Couzin, Science
2007.07.06: 4 page letter to FDA from 12 eminent USA toxicologists re
two Ramazzini Foundation cancer studies 2007.06.25: Murray 2007.07.18
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1453
" In light of the new aspartame study, which extends and corroborates
the finding from an earlier study, we urge the FDA to immediately
commence a careful review of the new study.
Considering how widely aspartame in consumed by young children, as
well as adults, in the United States and abroad, it is essential that
this review be done as expeditiously as possible.
If that review confirms that aspartame caused cancer in the laboratory
animals, the FDA must invoke the "Delaney amendment" and revoke its
approval for the artificial sweetener.8 "
http://www.ramazzini.it/fondazione/p...06.07.2007.pdf
SCIENCE VOL 317 6 JULY 2007 page 31
Souring on Fake Sugar
Fearful it causes cancer, 12 U.S. environmental health experts
last week asked the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
to review the potential health risks of the artificial sweetener
aspartame,
which appears in everything from medicines to diet sodas.
A study published last month in Environmental Health Perspectives
found somewhat more leukemias and lymphomas in male rats
receiving less aspartame than the recommended maximum for humans;
at higher doses,
the rats had a marked increase in cancers throughout the body.
Pregnant rats were fed the sweetener,
and animals received it once they'd been weaned.
The work, by scientists at the
European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences
in Bologna, Italy, is
"more sensitive and more realistic" than earlier aspartame studies,
says James Huff of the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences,
who signed onto the FDA letter drafted by the
Washington, D.C.-based watchdog group
Center for Science in the Public Interest.
But because the study conflicts with earlier work,
FDA spokesperson Michael Herndon says that
the agency finds the study unpersuasive and that "aspartame is safe."
FDA's European counterpart has not responded publicly to the study.
-- Jennifer Couzin
www.cspinet.org/new/200706251.html www.cspinet.org/new/200706251_print.html
*Center for Science in the Public Interest*
For Immediate Release: June 25, 2007
*FDA Should Reconsider Aspartame Cancer Risk, Say Experts*
New Rat Study Links Artificial Sweetener with Lymphomas, Breast Cancer
WASHINGTON -- A new long-term animal test from an Italian cancer
institute raises serious safety questions about the artificial
sweetener aspartame, which is marketed generically as well as under
the NutraSweet and Equal brand names.
A dozen toxicology and epidemiology experts and the nonprofit Center
for Science in the Public Interest are calling on <
http://cspinet.org/
new/pdf/aspartame_letter_to_fda.pdf> the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) to immediately review the study, which found increases in
lymphomas, leukemias, and breast cancers in rats.
If FDA concludes that aspartame does cause cancer in animals, the
agency is required by law to revoke its approval for the controversial
sweetener, which is used in Diet Pepsi, Diet Coke, tabletop packets,
and countless other foods.
The new study <
http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2007/10271/abstract.html/
>, conducted by the respected Ramazzini Foundation and published in
the journal /Environmental Health Perspectives/, found statistically
significant increases in lymphomas and leukemias in rats that were fed
100 milligrams of the sweetener per kilogram of body weight -- an
amount several times higher than what some people consume.
A lower amount, 20 milligrams per kilogram, also caused an increase,
but it was not statistically significant.
"Because aspartame is so widely consumed, it is urgent that the FDA
evaluate whether aspartame still poses a 'reasonable certainty of no
harm,' the standard used for gauging the safety of food additives,"
said CSPI executive director Michael F. Jacobson.
"But consumers, particularly parents, shouldn't wait for the FDA to
act. People shouldn't panic, but they should stop buying beverages and
foods containing aspartame."
The Acceptable Daily Intake of aspartame in the United States is 50 mg
per kg of body weight.
The new study looked at doses less than that (20 mg per kg) and
greater (100 mg per kg).
Though few people would consume aspartame at the higher dose, the
lower does is equivalent to a 50-pound child drinking 2½ cans of diet
soda per day, or a 150-pound adult drinking about 7½ cans of diet soda
per day.
But aspartame also enters the diet through sugar-free or reduced-sugar
gums, candies, yogurts, and hundreds of other products.
Many aspartame-containing products are likely to be consumed by kids,
including sugar-free Kool-Aid, Jell-O gelatin dessert and pudding
mixes, and some Popsicles.
A 2006 National Cancer Institute study seemed to ease cancer fears
related to aspartame, but that study had major limitations, including
its reliance on imprecise food-frequency questionnaires, and it
included only subjects between the ages of 50 and 69 who first
consumed aspartame as adults.
The effects of consuming aspartame from infancy or childhood might be
very different, says CSPI, as suggested by the new animal study.
Among those who today called on FDA Commissioner Andrew von Eschenbach
to review the new aspartame study are former Occupational Safety and
Health Administration officials John Froines (now at UCLA)
and Peter F. Infante (now at George Washington University); James
Huff, current Associate Director for Chemical Carcinogenesis at the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS);
and Kamal M. Abdo, a toxicologist formerly at the National Toxicology
Program of the NIEHS.
As a result of the new study, for the first time CSPI downgraded
aspartame
http://www.cspinet.org/reports/chemc....htm#aspartame on
its online Chemical Cuisine directory
http://www.cspinet.org/reports/chemcuisine.htm
from a "use caution" rating to "everyone should avoid."
CSPI also urges everyone to avoid the artificial sweeteners acesulfame
potassium and saccharin.
It rates sucralose, also known by the brand name Splenda, as safe.
CSPI also called on the food industry
http://cspinet.org/new/pdf/aspartame_letter1.pdf
to voluntarily switch to other sugar substitutes.
"Switching to safer ingredients now could be a wise precautionary
action," Jacobson wrote to Cal Dooley, president of the Food Products
Association/Grocery Manufactures Association.
According to a 1996 report in the Minneapolis Star Tribune, the FDA
rejected repeated proposals by NIEHS to test aspartame using more
modern methods than were originally used.
David Rall, the former director of NIEHS and its National Toxicology
Program, said, "any compound that is that widely used needs to be
retested with modern methods every once in a while."
The State of California, too, has urged new testing of aspartame.
The FDA also rejected NIEHS's proposal to test acesulfame potassium,
which CSPI says was "abysmally tested" by its manufacturer and showed
signs of causing cancer in animals.
For more information, contact: Center for Science in the Public
Interest
1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009
phone 202.332.9110 fax 202.265.4954
cspi@cspinet.org http://cspinet.org/new/pdf/aspartame_letter_to_fda.pdf
June 25, 2007
Dr. Andrew von Eschenbach
Commissioner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
Dear Dr. von Eschenbach:
An important new long-term animal feeding study,
published in Environmental Health Perspectives,
from the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center
at the European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental
Sciences in Italy
raises anew serious questions about the safety of the artificial
sweetener aspartame.1
Dose-dependent increases in total malignant tumors, lymphomas/
leukemias, and
mammary carcinomas were observed in male and/or female rats.
At the higher dosage level, the increases were statistically
significant for
lymphomas/leukemias in both male and female rats,
mammary carcinomas in females,
and tumor-bearing males.
Nonsignificant increases were observed at the higher dosage
for total tumors in males and females
and for mammary carcinomas in male
and at the lower dosage
for total tumors in females,
lymphomas/leukemias in males and females,
and mammary carcinomas in females.
Those non-significant increases would tend to elevate the dose-
response trend.
The new study follows up on a study from the same laboratory, but is
more sensitive
because the rats were exposed to aspartame in utero;
in the earlier study the rats were not fed aspartame until they were 8
weeks old.
In the new study, groups of animals were exposed from the 12th day in
utero to aspartame at levels of 0, 20, or 100 mg/kg bw/day
(mg/kg) administered to the pregnant dams and,
after weaning, to the animals through their feed.
The previous study used those and several additional dosage
(4; 500; 2,500; 5,000 mg/kg).2
That study found statistically significant increased incidences of
leukemias/lymphomas in both male and female rats,
malignant schwannomas of peripheral nerves in males,
and transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis
and ureter and their precursors (dysplasias) in females.
Additionally, a few uncommonly occurring brain tumors occurred only in
aspartame-treated animals.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed the study and
concluded for various reasons that aspartame was not demonstrated to
be carcinogenic.3
While EFSA's rationale may be debated, it must be reconsidered due to
the results of the new study.
To put the doses used in the study in context, consider that the
Acceptable Daily Intake of aspartame in the United States is 50 mg/kg.
page 2
The 20 mg/kg dose is equivalent to a 50-pound child's drinking about
2½ cans of soda per day
and a 150-pound adult's drinking about 7½ cans of soda per day
(assuming 175 mg per 12-ounce serving of beverage4).
The higher dose is equivalent to about 12½ and 37½ cans of soda per
day.5
The lower dose is something that about 5 percent of American teenagers
actually consume.6
Obviously, few people drink the larger amounts of aspartame-sweetened
soda, but one must presume that lower levels of consumption would lead
to increased, but proportionately lower, cancer risks.
Of course, increasing exposure to aspartame is the fact that Americans
are also consuming aspartame in powdered soft drinks, chewing gum,
confections, gelatins, dessert mixes, puddings and fillings, frozen
desserts, yogurt, tabletop sweeteners, and some pharmaceuticals such
as vitamins and sugar-free cough drops.
In comparison to most animal toxicology studies, the new study has
three significant strengths.
First, it used more than the usual number of animals per sex/dosage
group (95 controls and 70 in each group exposed to aspartame, as
compared to the usual 50), thereby increasing the sensitivity of the
study.
Second, the animals were monitored until they died a natural death (as
long as three years), as opposed to most studies, which are terminated
after two years (104 weeks).
Rats at two years of age are very roughly comparable to people at
"retirement age," about 65, whereas three-year-old rats are more
equivalent to people 80 to 90 years of age.
Thus, the longer experiment sheds light on the effects of aspartame on
"elderly" animals.
Third, as noted above, the animals were exposed to aspartame during
part of their fetal life (ideally, the dams would have been exposed to
aspartame prior to pregnancy).
In utero exposure reflects human experience and likely increases the
sensitivity of the study.
We recognize that the FDA discounted the reliability of the first
aspartame study on several grounds, particularly because the sponsor
did not provide all the desired data.7
Another reason was that transgenic mouse assays done by the National
Toxicology Program did not identify problems.
However, compared to such short- or medium-term assays and modes-of-
action conjectures, chronic animal feeding studies are accepted widely
as valid predictors of likely carcinogenic risks for humans:
importantly, all acknowledged human carcinogens when tested adequately
in animals are also carcinogenic,
and many known human carcinogens were first discovered in animals.
The FDA also noted that a recent large epidemiology study did not
associate aspartame use with cancer.
However, that study involved people who did not consume aspartame
until they were over 50 years old, and measurement of aspartame
consumption was imprecise.
The present animal study is much stronger in those respects.
page 3
In light of the new aspartame study, which extends and corroborates
the finding from an earlier study, we urge the FDA to immediately
commence a careful review of the new study.
Considering how widely aspartame in consumed by young children, as
well as adults, in the United States and abroad, it is essential that
this review be done as expeditiously as possible.
If that review confirms that aspartame caused cancer in the laboratory
animals, the FDA must invoke the "Delaney amendment" and revoke its
approval for the artificial sweetener.8
Sincerely,
Dr. Kamal M. Abdo, PhD
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (retired)*
National Toxicology Program Bahama, NC 27503
Carlos A. Camargo, Jr., MD, DrPH
ccamargo@partners.org,carlos.camargo....harv ard.edu
Associate Professor of Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA 02114
[
www.medicineonearth.com/display.php?id=224
Center for D-receptor Activation Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School, Boston
+1 617 726 5276
Mass. General Hospital +1 617 525 0859
http://www.emedicine.com/cgi-bin/fox...499&topicid=43
to send email ]
Devra Lee Davis, PhD, MPH
Director, Center for Environmental Oncology
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
Hillman Cancer Pavillion
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15232
[
dld20@pitt.edu w 412-623-4716 f 412-623-3201 c 412-897-1539
http://www.upci.upmc.edu/ceo www.upci.upmc.edu/ UPCIwebupdates@upmc.edu
UPCI receives a total of $149 million in research grants, and is
ranked 11th in funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
The Institute's 500 faculty and staff, representing over 30
disciplines, work together closely to improve the understanding of
cancer and to develop new lifesaving procedures in cancer prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment.
The University of Pittsburgh is ranked 7th in funding from the NIH.
http://www.upci.upmc.edu/news/upci_n...eo_launch.html
NEW CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ONCOLOGY FORMED AT UNIVERSITY OF
PITTSBURGH CANCER INSTITUTE
Leading Expert on Environmental Dangers and Best Selling Author
Recruited as Director and Professor of Public Health
PITTSBURGH, Sept. 20 -- Devra Davis, PhD, MPH, award-winning author of
the best-seller
When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the
Battle Against Pollution,
has been recruited by the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
(UPCI) to direct a new center for environmental oncology.
The mission of the center, based on an approach that is prevention-
focused and multi-disciplinary, is to reduce the risk of cancer by
applying the latest scientific findings on the avoidable causes of
cancer to protect individuals and the community at large.
"Most of our national efforts against cancer have focused on detecting
and treating disease after it has occurred," said Ronald Herberman,
MD, director of UPCI and the UPMC Cancer Centers.
"While this type of research is imperative, we simultaneously need to
greatly improve our research efforts to develop effective
interventions to address the known and suspected causes of cancer that
may help us in our efforts at prevention.
The development of this center is a crucial step in that direction and
Devra is unquestionably the best person for the job, given the breadth
of her knowledge and expertise in this area."
"Dr. Davis is a national leader in the field of epidemiology. We
anticipate that she will have a major impact in synthesizing the vast
amount of scientific data that is available on the causes of cancer
and converting this information into effective public policy and
education programs," said Bernard Goldstein, MD, dean of the
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (GSPH).
In her role as director of the new program, Dr. Davis, who also will
serve as professor of epidemiology at GSPH, will work
to create a center for excellence in research, education and public
policy that seeks to identify novel causes of cancer,
to develop and evaluate instruments for assessment and control of
environmental risk factors for cancer and strategies to protect people
from environmental cancer risks,
and to create public and professional programs that inform, educate
and change individual and institutional behaviors.
According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated two-thirds of
all cancer cases are linked to environmental causes;
many of these to lifestyle factors that can be modified.
"There are about ten million cancer survivors in the United States
today, each of whom is concerned with both their own survival and with
preventing disease from occurring in their family members," said Dr.
Davis.
"Unfortunately, however, aside from smoking, drinking, other bad
habits, and some workplace exposures, most cases of cancer occur in
people who have led otherwise healthy lives.
Patterns of the disease remain largely unexplained.
With this new center, we aim to more fully understand our risks for
developing cancer by identifying controllable conditions and urging
prudent ways to lower the risk of the disease.
One of our first goals is to discover and promote concrete steps that
can be taken by individuals, hospitals, health professionals, the
surrounding communities, and private and public sector organizations
to prevent cancer and reduce the chance of recurrence."
According to Dr. Davis, research at the center seeks to address a key
question:
What causes the majority of people who are born with a healthy array
of genes, some 95 percent of women with breast cancer, for example, to
develop defects during their lifetime that lead to cancer?
"While we know that there are more cases of cancer today because the
population is older, and the technology for identifying disease has
advanced, we cannot explain most cases of this disease," commented Dr.
Davis.
A few of the environmental risk factors that will be examined at the
center include good and bad personal habits, such as nutrition,
exercise, alcohol drinking and smoking as well as factors in the
physical and chemical environment that have been linked to cancer such
as toxic chemicals, indoor and outdoor air pollutants, chlorination by-
products in domestic water, ingredients in personal care products, and
organochlorine residues in animal and fish fat.
By evaluating and consolidating the information on these and other
cancer hazards and prevention strategies, the program seeks to create
communication programs to inform patients, their families, the
government and private sector about hazards that can be controlled to
keep cancer from arising and the steps that can be taken to reduce the
chance that cancer will recur.
©2007 The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI)
412-647-2811/
PCI-INFO@upmc.edu ]
David Egilman MD, MPH
Clinical Associate Professor, Brown University
Attleboro, Massachusetts 02703
[ Bio Med Community Health
David_Egilman_MD@Brown.EDU
Telephone (508) 226-5091 Other Telephone (508) 472-2809 ]
Samuel S. Epstein, MD
Professor Emeritus, Environmental & Occupational Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health,
Chairman, Cancer Prevention Coalition
Chicago, Illinois
[
www.preventcancer.com/about/epstein.htm
Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.
Cancer Prevention Coalition
c/o University of Illinois at Chicago
School of Public Health, MC 922
2121 West Taylor Street
Chicago, IL 60612 Phone: 312-996-2297 Fax: 312-413-9898 ]
John R. Froines, PhD
Director, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095
Formerly Director, Toxic Substances, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
Deputy Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
[
www.ph.ucla.edu/ehs/froines.htm jfroines@ucla.edu
(310) 206-6141
Professor Froines joined the faculty of the School of Public Health in
1981.
He received a B.S. in chemistry from UC Berkeley (1963), M.S. in
chemistry (1964) and Ph.D. in physical-organic chemistry (1967) from
Yale University. He conducted postdoctoral research at the Royal
Institution of Great Britain under Nobel Laureate, Sir George Porter
from 1966-68.
Before coming to the UCLA School of Public Health, Dr. Froines was
Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oregon
and later served as Director of Toxic Substances at the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
and Deputy Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
Dr. Froines is currently the Director of the Center for Occupational
and Environmental Health.
He is also the Director of the Southern California Particle Center and
Supersite.
He is Associate Director of the Southern California Environmental
Health Sciences Center
and the Director of the UCLA Fogarty Program in Occupational and
Environmental Health.
Dr. Froines' area of expertise is toxicology and exposure assessment.
His research interests are in the qualitative and quantitative
characterization of risk factors in environmental and occupational
health.
Dr. Froines' research focuses on1) Chemical mechanisms and exposure
assessment related to the health effects from exposure to airborne
particulate matter; 2) Evaluation of toxicokinetic factors in defining
and characterizing chemical toxicity;
and 3) Risk assessment including pollution prevention.
His current research emphasizes the study of etiologic factors in air
pollution related health effects, but also includes projects to:
1. Study the role of toxicokinetics, and host factors in the
carcinogenicity of arsenic and chromium VI.
2. Develop new approaches to exposure assessment for multi-component
systems with a focus on measures of internal dose as characterized by
evaluation of metabolites, biomarkers and other toxicological factors.
In particular, he leads a research project to investigate pesticide
exposure among pesticide applicators, farmworkers, and their families
in Mexico.
3. Toxicokinetic modeling to explain toxic interactions between
multiple chemicals including studies of enhancement and antagonism.
He is currently PI on a project to investigate new approaches to
addressing exposure to beryllium metal.
Dr. Froines chairs the State of California's Scientific Review Panel;
the central review panel at the State level for identifying toxic air
contaminants.
He is a member of the National Toxicology Program's Board of
Scientific Counselors.
He is a member of the Institute of Medicine's Environmental Health
Roundtable. ]
Dale Hattis, PhD
Research Professor, George Perkins Marsh Institute
Clark University
Worcester, MA 01610
[ Research Professor
dhattis@clarku.edu
Department: Marsh Institute
Campus Phone: 751-4603 ]
Kim Hooper, PhD*
Environmental Chemistry Laboratory
California Department of Toxic Substances Control
California Environmental Protection Agency
Berkeley, CA 94710
[ 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA.
Telephone: (510) 540-3499 Fax: (510) 540-2305
http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/1...oper-full.html http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/docs_...nal45.html#get
[ California ] OEHHA
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
Proposition 65 - Prioritization Notices
Availability of Final Data Summaries and Priorities for Chemicals With
Respect to Their Evaluation by the OEHHA Science Advisory Board's
Carcinogen
Identification Committee [03/12/04]
Cynthia Oshita
coshita@oehha.ca.gov Subject: batch 4 priorities
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
P.O. Box 4010 Sacramento, California 95812-4010
FAX: (916) 323-8803 Telephone: (916) 445-6900
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/docs_...inal45sums.pdf
FINAL PRIORITIZED CANDIDATE CHEMICALS UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR
CARCINOGENICITY EVALUATION:
FOURTY FIVE BATCH #4 CHEMICALS
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
California Environmental Protection Agency March 2004
On October 17, 2003, OEHHA announced the release of draft priority
assignments and draft data summaries for 47 of 50 chemicals ("Batch
4")
selected for prioritization with respect to their potential to cause
cancer.
Final priority assignments and data summaries for 45 of the 47
chemicals for which draft priorities had been assigned are presented
here.
BATCH #4 PRIORITIZED CHEMICALS FINAL MARCH 2004 page 35
CARCINOGENICITY DATA SUMMARY: ASPARTAME
Preliminary evaluation of carcinogenicity and exposure data
Aspartame [Equal®; NutraSweet®; L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl
ester;
CAS No. 22839-47-0] did not reach a level of carcinogenicity concern
sufficient
to be placed on the candidate list.
There is, however, some carcinogenicity concern over observations of
brain
tumors in aspartame-treated rats.
Reliable animal studies have not been conducted despite the widespread
human
exposure to this artificial sweetener.
Epidemiologic data provide inadequate information on which to judge
carcinogenicity.
One small epidemiologic study found no evidence of an effect of
aspartame
consumption on brain tumor risk in children.
Aspartame has been suggested as an explanation for increased rates of
human
brain cancer.
Further epidemiologic and toxicologic studies are needed on the
carcinogenicity of this chemical.
No large epidemiological studies of carcinogenicity have been
conducted.
Olney et al. (1996), performing a descriptive analysis of national
cancer
data, suggested the possibility that aspartame might be associated
with
increased incidence of brain tumors in the U.S.
A small study (Gurney et al., 1997) of aspartame consumption in
children and
brain tumor risk found no evidence that cases (n=56) were more likely
to
consume foods containing aspartame than controls (n=90).
There have been multiple carcinogenicity studies of aspartame in
animals,
each of which is inadequate for judging carcinogenicity...... ]
James Huff, PhD*
Associate Director for Chemical Carcinogenesis, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
[ 301-435-1498 Fax 301-451-5462
james.huff1@nih.hhs.gov ]
Michael F. Jacobson, PhD**
mjacobson@cspinet.org
Executive Director, Center for Science in the Public Interest
1875 Connecticut Ave. Suite 300
Washington, DC 20009
[ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_F._Jacobson
http://www.diabetes.org/support-the-...l-jacobson.jsp
For more than three decades, Dr. Michael Jacobson has been a
relentless advocate for accuracy in food labeling and disclosure of
nutrition information.
He is Executive Director of the acclaimed Center for Science in the
Public Interest (CSPI), the organization he co-founded in 1971.
CSPI was the driving force behind such consumer protections as warning
notices on alcoholic beverage labels and the landmark Nutrition and
Labeling Education Act, which required the placement of nutrition
information on most food labels.
Dr. Jacobson was also among the first to combat junk-food advertising
aimed at children, and to address the nutritional quality of school
meals and the safety of food additives.
He has had a truly profound impact on the health of an entire nation,
and the lives of millions of Americans affected by diabetes.
In addition to his scholarly work featured in the New England Journal
of Medicine and the Journal of Molecular Biology, among others, Dr.
Jacobson has taken his messages directly to consumers with
publications such as
Restaurant Confidential (2002),
What Are We Feeding Our Kids? (1994),
and Nutrition Scoreboard (1975).
Dr. Jacobson holds a Ph.D. in Microbiology from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
Center for Science in the Public Interest
1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20009
phone 202.332.9110 fax 202.265.4954
cspi@cspinet.org http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/aspartame_letter.pdf
CSPI letter from Michael F Jacobson, Ph.D re aspartame carcinogenicity
to
FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford 2005.07.27
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1189
Michael F. Jacobson of CSPI now and in 1985 re aspartame toxicity,
letter to
FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford; California OEHHA aspartame critique
2004.03.12; Center for Consumer Freedom denounces CSPI: Murray
2004.07.27 ]
Peter F. Infante, DDS, DrPH
Professorial Lecturer, Environmental and Occupational Health
School of Public Health
George Washington University
Washington, DC 20052
formerly: Director, Office of Standards Review
Health Standards Program
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
Washington, DC 20210
[
www.collegiumramazzini.org/fellows1.asp?id=82 pinfante@starpower.net 571-641-3047
Dr. Peter F. Infante is Adjunct Professor of Environmental and
Occupational Health at George Washington University School of Public
Health and Health Services.
He has a Doctor of Public Health degree from the Department of
Epidemiology, University of Michigan and is a Fellow of the American
College of Epidemiology.
For the past 29 years Dr. Infante has been involved in the evaluation
and regulation of toxic substances in the workplace.
He is the former Director of the Office of Standards Review (OSHA),
the office responsible for the evaluation and regulation of toxic
substances in US workplaces.
Dr. Infante has served on numerous international and national panels
including at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
He has also served on numerous Advisory Committees advising the
National Cancer Institute (NCI), the President's Cancer Panel, the
Office of Technology Assessment of the US Congress and the National
Academy of Sciences Committee on Toxicology on issues related to
occupation and cancer. ]
page 4
Daniel Thau Teitelbaum, MD
Adjunct Professor of Environmental Sciences, Colorado School of Mines
Golden, Colorado 80401
Associate Clinical Professor of Preventive Medicine
University of Colorado Health Sciences at Denver
Denver, Colorado 80202
[
www.collegiumramazzini.org/fellows1.asp?id=165 toxdoc@ix.netcom.com
Daniel Thau Teitelbaum M.D., is an occupational physician and medical
toxicologist in Denver, Colorado, USA.
He has worked in the diagnosis and management of toxic disease in
workers and the general environment for more than forty years.
He has been concerned about the impact of the Rocky Flats facility in
Denver since he came to Colorado in 1965.
As a faculty member at the Colorado School of Mines' Department of
Environmental Sciences, he has taught many of the engineers and other
professionals who were and are employed at the Rocky Flats site.
Among his interests are groundwater and air pollution, occupational
toxic disease and workplace toxics management.
He has appeared often as an expert witness in various courts on behalf
of workers injured by toxic exposures in the workplace and persons in
the general environment who have been exposed to toxic materials as a
result of careless industrial waste disposal practices and as a result
of water and air pollution.
He is a Fellow of the Collegium Ramazzini and serves as Treasurer of
the organization.
Daniel Thau Teitelbaum, MD 155 Madison St, Denver CO 80206
303-355-2625 Internal Medicine
(303) 273-3427 ]
Joel A. Tickner, ScD
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health and Sustainability
Project Director, Lowell Center for Sustainable Production
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Lowell, MA 01854
[
http://www.uml.edu/College/she/CHS/F...A_Tickner.html
Joel A. Tickner, ScD, MSc, BA
Assistant Professor
Expertise: Environmental Health, Chemicals Ploicy, Pollution
Prevention, Risk Assessment
Phone: (978) 934-2981 Fax: (978) 934-2025
Joel_Tickner@uml.edu
Educational Background
2000 ScD, Cleaner Production and Pollution, Department of Work
Environment Prevention, University of Massachusetts Lowell
1994 MSc, Environmental Studies, University of Montana
1989 BA, Spanish and Environmental Science, Colby College
Scholarly Interests
Development of innovative scientific methods and policies to implement
a precautionary and preventive approach to decision-making under
uncertainty. Research and development of model long-term chemicals
policies and application of the precautionary principle in
environmental science and policy.
Areas of teaching and research interests include regulatory science
and policy, risk assessment, and cleaner production.
http://www.uml.edu/College/she/CHS/F...735_117001.htm
Curriculum Vitae
Department of Community Health and Sustainability
3 Solomont Way Suite 3, Lowell, MA 01854-5127
Phone: 978-934-4515 Fax: 978-934-3006
Beverly_Volicer@uml.edu
* Affiliations listed for identification purposes only.
** Please respond via Dr. Jacobson at 1875 Connecticut Ave., #300,
Washington, DC
20009
1 Soffritti M, et al. EHPonline.org (
www.ehponline.org/members/
2007/10271/10271.pdf, accessed June 13, 2007).
2 Soffritti M, et al. Env Health Persp. 2006;114:379-85.
3 Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavouring,
Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food. The EFSA Journal.
2006; 356:1-44.
4 A Coca-Cola website indicates that a diet soda contains 175 mg of
aspartame.
(
http://www.beverageinstitute.org/ing.../Aspartame.pdf
accessed June 18, 2007)
Other web sites indicate slightly different amounts.
5 The quantities of soft drinks would be significantly lower if
dosages were calculated on the basis of body surface, as some agencies
do, instead of body weight.
6 Jacobson M. Liquid Candy-Supplement (Center for Science in the
Public Interest, 2005).
(
http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/
liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf
accessed June 18, 2007)
7 FDA-CFSAN. FDA statement on European aspartame study. April 20,
2007.
(
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fpaspar2.html
accessed June 19, 2007)
8 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act S 409(c)(1)(3)(A).
http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/20...8jcouzin.shtml
Science Writers Honor One of Their Own
Jennifer Couzin
Jennifer Couzin, a journalist who writes for the news pages of the
AAAS journal, Science, has been named the recipient of the 2003 Evert
Clark/Seth Payne Award, a prize that recognizes young science writers
for excellent work.
According to a press release issued by the National Press Foundation,
the judges cited Couzin "for reporting on tough issues, for her
excellent use of many sources, for fluent and informative writing, and
for bringing new facts and perspectives to familiar topics."
The $1000 prize is given each year in memory of journalists Ev Clark
and Seth Payne, who were known for their willingness to offer guidance
and support to their younger colleagues.
Couzin was recognized for three stories in Science:
"Diabetes' Brave New World," "The Great Estrogen Conundrum,"
and "Tracing the Steps of Metastasis, Cancer's Menacing Ballet."
The award will be presented by the Evert Clark Fund and the National
Association of Science Writers, in conjunction with the National Press
Foundation. The presentation will take place 14 February 2004, during
the AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Judges for the 2003 award were National Public Radio editor Peggy
Girshman;
Bob Meyers, president of the National Press Foundation;
Gary Ellis of the Congressional Research Service;
Gail Porter, editor at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology,
and science book author and freelance journalist Steve Olson.
08 January 2004
Copyright © 2007. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
1200 New York Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20005
Tel: 202-326-6400
webmaster@aaas.org
AAAS is located on 12th Street, N.W., with entrances at H Street and
New York Avenue. The nearest Metro stop is Metro Center.
A staff of nearly 300 people handles AAAS's day-to-day activities,
including the editing and production of the journal, Science.
For information about membership or to join, phone 202-326-6417 or e-
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For media inquiries, or to find a AAAS expert or speaker, phone
202-326-6440, or
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To learn about the annual meeting, phone 202-326-6450 or e-mail
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To order articles in Science, phone 202-326-7069.
For information about ordering reprints or requesting reprint
permission, click here.
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1445
fair summary of Ramazzini aspartame cancer studies, UPI Food Writer
Julia
Watson: Murray 2007.07.02
http://www.upi.com/Consumer_Health_D...w_fears_over_\
aspartame/6520/
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1441
Lifetime exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal
life increases cancer effects in rats, Morando Soffritti et al,
European Ramazzini Foundation, USA EPA Environmental Health
Perspectives 2007.06.13 free full text 24 pages: Murray 2007.06.16
www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10271/10271.pdf free full text 24 pages
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1440
praise for second aspartame cancer rat study by Ramazzini Foundation,
Morando
Soffritti et al, by informed MDs -- Blaylock, Landigan, Walton,
Roberts:
Martini: Murray 2007.06.15
second large Ramazzini study on low dose lifetime aspartame in rats
confirms
carcinogenicity -- Morando Soffritti will give data and get Selikoff
award April
23 at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in NYC: Murray 2007.04.19
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1415 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250
aspartame causes cancer in rats at levels approved for humans,
Morando Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Foundation, Italy &
National Toxicology Program
of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2005.11.17 Env. Health Pers. 35 pages: Murray
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1226
USA National Institutes of Health National Toxicology
Program aids eminent Ramazzini Foundation, Bologna, Italy,
in more results on cancers in rats from lifetime low levels
of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde), Felicity Lawrence,
www.guardian.co.uk: Murray 2005.09.30
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1186
aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats, full plain text,
M Soffritti, F Belpoggi, DD Esposti, L Lambertini: Ramazzini
Foundation study 2005.07.14: main results agree with their previous
methanol and formaldehyde studies: Murray 2005.09.03
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1189
Michael F Jacobson of CSPI now and in 1985 re aspartame
toxicity, letter to FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford;
California OEHHA aspartame critique 2004.03.12; Center for
Consumer Freedom denounces CSPI: Murray 2005.07.27
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1016
President Bush & formaldehyde (aspartame) toxicity:
Ramazzini Foundation carcinogenicity results Dec 2002:
Soffritti: Murray 2003.08.03 rmforall
p. 88 "The sweetening agent aspartame hydrolyzes in the
gastrointestinal tract to become free methyl alcohol,
which is metabolized in the liver
to formaldehyde, formic acid, and CO2. (11)"
Medinsky MA & Dorman DC. 1994; Assessing risks of low-level
methanol exposure. CIIT Act. 14: 1-7.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Dec; 982: 87-105.
Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats.
Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertin L,
Lauriola M, Padovani M, Maltoni C.
Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation for Oncology
and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy.
crcfr@ramazzini.it
Formaldehyde was administered for 104 weeks in drinking water
supplied ad libitum at concentrations of
1500, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, or 0 mg/L
to groups of 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at
seven weeks of age.
Control animals (100 males and 100 females) received tap water only.
Acetaldehyde was administered to 50 male and 50 female
Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at six weeks of age at concentrations of
2,500, 1,500, 500, 250, 50, or 0 mg/L.
Animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death.
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found to produce an increase
in total malignant tumors in the treated groups
and showed specific carcinogenic effects on various organs and
tissues.
PMID: 12562630
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Dec; 982: 46-69.
Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of
methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol in rats.
Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Cevolani D,
Guarino M, Padovani M, Maltoni C.
Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation for Oncology
and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy.
crcfr@ramazzini.it
Methyl alcohol was administered in drinking water
supplied ad libitum at doses of
20,000, 5,000, 500, or 0 ppm to groups of male and female
Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old at the start of the experiment.
Animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death.
Ethyl alcohol was administered by ingestion in drinking water at a
concentration of 10% or 0% supplied ad libitum to groups of male and
female Sprague-Dawley rats; breeders and offspring were included in
the experiment.
Treatment started at 39 weeks of age (breeders), 7 days before mating,
or from embryo life (offspring)
and lasted until their spontaneous death.
Under tested experimental conditions, methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol
were demonstrated to be carcinogenic for various organs and tissues.
They must also be considered multipotential carcinogenic agents.
In addition to causing other tumors, ethyl alcohol induced malignant
tumors of the oral cavity, tongue, and lips.
These sites have been shown to be target organs in man by
epidemiologic studies.
Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 12562628
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1339
Obfuscation of the iatrogenic autism epidemic re mercury in kid
vaccines, Kenneth P. Stoller, Pediatrics 2006.05.06;
aspartame toxicity 2005.11.10: Comet assay can test genotoxicity,
EFSA admits ignorance re methanol residues, Murray 2006.05.10
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1335
Morando Soffritti of Ramazzini Foundation rebuts EFSA AFC critique,
www.laleva.org: Murray 2006.05.05
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1334
European Food Safety Authority discounts Ramazzini study re many
cancers in 1800 rats fed lifetime doses of aspartame:
Calorie Control Council press release: Murray 2006.05.05
http://www.efsa.eu.int/press_room/pr...e/1472_en.html http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/afc/a...s/1471_en.html http://www.efsa.eu.int/press_room/me...tindex_en.html http://www.flyonthewall.com/FlyBroad...essConference/ http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/afc/a...rtame_en1.\pdf http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1338
Aspartame: The healthy option? Richard A. Lovett, The New Scientist
2006.05.04: Murray 2006.05.08
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1302
The Lowdown on Sweet? (Ramazzini Foundation, M Soffritti proof that
aspartame causes cancers), Melanie Warner, The New York Times:
sucralose: Prof. DL Katz: Murray 2006.02.12
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1303
David L. Katz MD comments briefly with Diane Sawyer on ABC
Good Morning America re Ramazzini aspartame cancer study:
excellent opus at Yale U: mainstream research on aspartame
(methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2006.02.14
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1070
critique of aspartame review, French Food Safety Agency AFSSA
2002.05.07 aspartamgb.pdf (18 pages, in English), Martin Hirsch:
Murray 2004.04.13
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/957
safety of aspartame Part 1/2 12.4.2: EC HCPD-G SCF:
Murray 2003.01.12 EU Scientific Committee on Food, a whitewash
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1045 http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame...2-response.htm
Mark Gold exhaustively critiques European Commission Scientific
Committee on Food re aspartame ( 2002.12.04 ):
59 pages, 230 references
A very detailed, highly credible account of the dubious approval
process
for aspartame in July, 1981 is part of the just released two-hour
documentary "Sweet Misery, A Poisoned World: An Industry Case
Study of a Food Supply In Crisis" by Cori Brackett:
cori@soundandfuryproductions.com http://www.soundandfuryproductions.com/ 520-624-9710
2301 East Broadway, Suite 111 Tucson, AZ 85719
Mary Nash Stoddard
Toxicology Sourcebook: "Deadly Deception Story of Aspartame"
Aspartame Consumer Safety Network and Pilot Hotline [since 1987]
P.O. Box 2001 Frisco, Texas 75034 U.S. [ North of Dallas ]
Phone/FAX: 214.387.4001
marystod@airmail.net http://www.aspartamesafety.com http://www.aspartamesafety.com/en_espanol.htm http://www.sweetpoison.com/ http://www.issplendasafe.com/ http://www.sweetpoison.com/food-additives-to-avoid.html
Dr. Janet Starr Hull, PhD, CN
jshull@sweetpoison.com
Splenda®: Is It Safe Or Not?
http://www.truthinlabeling.org/ Truth in Labeling Campaign [MSG]
Adrienne Samuels, PhD The toxicity/safety of processed
free glutamic acid (MSG): a study in suppression of information.
Accountability in Research 1999; 6: 259-310. 52-page review
P.O. Box 2532 Darien, Illinois 60561
858-481-9333
adandjack@aol.com http://www.dorway.com/tldaddic.html 5-page review
Roberts HJ Aspartame (NutraSweet) addiction.
Townsend Letter 2000 Jan;
HJRobertsMD@aol.com http://www.sunsentpress.com/ sunsentpress@aol.com
Sunshine Sentinel Press P.O.Box 17799 West Palm Beach, FL 33416
800-814-9800 561-588-7628 561-547-8008 fax
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/669
1038-page medical text "Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic"
published May 30 2001 $ 60.00 postpaid data from 1200 cases
available at
http://www.amazon.com
over 600 references from standard medical research
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/790
Moseley: review Roberts "Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic":
Murray 2002.02.07 rmforall
Roberts, Hyman J., 1924- ,
Useful insights for diagnosis, treatment and public heath: an updated
anthology of original research, 2002, 798 pages,
aspartame disease, pages 627-685, 778-780
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/859
Roberts: the life work of a brilliant clinician: aspartame toxicity:
Murray 2002.08.02 rmforall
Russell L. Blaylock, MD 601-982-1175 Madison, Mississippi
"Excitotoxins: The Taste that Kills", 1977, 298 p., 493 references.
"Health and Nutrition Secrets that can save your life", 2002, 459 p.,
558 + 30 references, $ 30
http://www.russellblaylockmd.com/ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1090
aspartame, MSG, excitotoxins, NMDA glutamate receptors,
multiple sclerosis: Blaylock: Murray 2004.06.09
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/97
Lancet website aspartame letter 1999.07.29:
Excitotoxins 1999 Part 1/3 Blaylock: Murray 2000.01.14
The Medical Sentinel Journal 1999 Fall; (95 references)
http://www.dorway.com/blayenn.html http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/857 www.dorway.com: original documents and long reviews of flaws in
aspartame toxicity research: Murray 2002.07.31
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/858
Samuels: Strong: Roberts: Gold: flaws in double-blind studies re
aspartame and MSG toxicity: Murray 2002.08.01
"Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding
sources," 1998, unpublished:
http://www.dorway.com/peerrev.html
Walton found 166 separate published studies in the peer reviewed
medical literature, which had relevance for questions of human safety.
The 74 studies funded by industry all (100 %) attested to aspartame's
safety, whereas of the 92 non-industry funded studies, 84 (91 %)
identified a problem. Six of the seven non-industry funded studies
that were favorable to aspartame safety were from the FDA, which
has a public record that shows a strong pro-industry bias.
Ralph G. Walton, MD, Prof. of Clinical Psychology, Northeastern Ohio
Universities, College of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Youngstown,
OH 44501, Chairman, The Center for Behavioral Medicine,
Northside Medical Center, 500 Gypsy Lane, P.O. Box 240
Youngstown, OH 44501 330-740-3621
rwalton193@aol.com http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/Psychiatry/walton.htm http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/622
Gold: Koehler: Walton: Van Den Eeden: Leon:
aspartame toxicity: Murray 2001.06.04 four double-blind studies
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1077
eight depressed people react strongly to aspartame,
Prof. Ralph G. Walton, MD, 1993 double-blind study, full text:
Murray 2004.04.26
Walton, RG, "Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge
in patients from a vulnerable population," 1993,
with Robert Hudak and Ruth J. Green-Waite,
rwalton193@aol.com
Biological Psychiatry, 34 (1), 13-17.
Ralph G. Walton, MD, Prof. of Clinical Psychology,
Northeastern Ohio Universities, College of Medicine,
Dept. of Psychiatry, Youngstown, OH 44501,
Chairman, The Center for Behavioral Medicine,
Northside Medical Center, 500 Gypsy Lane,
P.O. Box 240 Youngstown, OH 44501 330-740-3621
http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/Psychiatry/walton.htm
Eight depressed patients, ages 24-60, and five non-depressed controls,
ages 24-56, employed at the hospital, were given for 7 days either
aspartame or a placebo, and then after a 3 day break, given the
opposite. Each got 2100 mg aspartame daily, 30 mg/kg bodyweight,
equal to 10-12 cans of diet soda daily, about a gallon. Despite the
very small number of subjects, the results were dramatic and
statistically significant. The eight depressed patients reported with
aspartame, compared to placebo, much higher levels of nervousness,
trouble remembering, nausea, depression, temper, and malaise.
(For each symptom, p<0.01)
The five normals did not report strong enough differences
between aspartame and placebo to be significant.
Initially, the study was to be on a group of 40, but was halted by the
Institutional Review Board because of severe reactions
among 3 of the depressed patients.
Again, statistical significance with only 8 depressed patients:
"In this study, patients most often began to report significant
symptoms after day 2 or 3." The incidence rate is very high,
indeed, about 1/3. The most common symptoms are entirely typical
of thousands of case histories.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/927
Donald Rumsfeld, 1977 head of Searle Corp.,
got aspartame FDA approval: Turner: Murray 2002.12.23
http://www.dorway.com/upipart1.txt http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/262
aspartame expose 96K Oct 1987 Part 1/3: Gregory Gordon,
UPI reporter: Murray 2000.07.10
http://www.dorway.com/enclosur.html http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/53
aspartame history Part 1/4 1964-1976: Gold: Murray 1999.11.06
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/928
revolving door, Monsanto, FDA, EPA: NGIN: Murray 2002.12.23
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1452
phenylalanine and aspartic acid from low dose aspartame
in rabbits interfere with blood coagulation,
Pretorius E and Humphries P, U. of Pretoria,
Ultrastruct Pathol 2007 March: Murray 2007.07.14
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1451
Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose) and coloring agents will
be banned from use in newly-born and baby foods, the European
Parliament decided: Latvia ban in schools 2006: Murray 2007.07.12
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1443
Safe Food Campaign wants ban on aspartame in schools in New Zealand:
Murray 2007.06.21
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1442
Wellington, NZ lady, 25, free by 24 hours of severe muscle cramps (5
months) after quitting 4-8 packs daily aspartame chewing gum (past few
years): Murray 2007.06.20
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1437
stevia to be approved and cyclamates limited by Food Standards
Australia New
Zealand: JMC Geuns critiques of two recent stevia studies by Nunes:
Murray
2007.05.29
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1427
more from The Independent, UK, Martin Hickman, re ASDA
(unit of Wal-Mart Stores) and Marks & Spencer ban of aspartame,
MSG, artificial chemical additives and dyes to prevent ADHD in kids:
Murray 2007.05.16
http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/hea...cle2548747.ece http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1426
ASDA (unit of Wal-Mart Stores WMT.N) and Marks & Spencer
will join Tesco and also Sainsbury to ban and limit aspartame,
MSG, artificial flavors dyes preservatives additives, trans fats,
salt "nasties" to protect kids from ADHD: leading UK media:
Murray 2007.05.15
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271
combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and
brilliant blue, harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan
Howard et al, 2005 education.guardian.co.uk,
Felicity Lawrence: Murray 2005.12.21
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1277
50% UK baby food is now organic -- aspartame or MSG
with food dyes harm nerve cells, CV Howard 3 year study
funded by Lizzy Vann, CEO, Organix Brands,
Children's Food Advisory Service: Murray 2006.01.13
formaldehyde as a potent unexamined cofactor in cancer research --
sources include methanol, dark wines and liquors, aspartame, wood and
tobacco smoke: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks
to Humans implicate formaldehyde in #88 and alcohol drinks in #96:
some related abstracts: Murray 2007.05.15
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1417
aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) toxicity research summary:
Rich Murray 2007.06.16
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1404
One liter aspartame diet soda, about 3 12-oz cans,
gives 61.5 mg methanol,
so if 30% is turned into formaldehyde, the formaldehyde
dose of 18.5 mg is 37 times the recent EPA limit of
0.5 mg per liter daily drinking water for a 10-kg child:
http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/F...de_summary.pdf
2007.01.05 [ does not discuss formaldehyde from methanol
or aspartame ]
http://www.epa.gov/teach/teachsurvey.html comments
teach@environmentalhealthconsulting.com
"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority,
to actively find, quickly share, and positively act upon
the facts about healthy and safe food, drink, and
environment."
Rich Murray, MA Room For All
rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 78 members, 1,453 posts in a public, searchable archive
http://RMForAll.blogspot.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1340
aspartame groups and books: updated research review of
2004.07.16: Murray 2006.05.11
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1395
Aspartame Controversy, in Wikipedia democratic
encyclopedia, 72 references (including AspartameNM # 864
and 1173 by Murray), brief fair summary of much more
research: Murray 2007.01.01
Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide
similar levels of methanol, above 120 mg daily, for
long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans.
Within hours, methanol is inevitably largely turned into
formaldehyde, and thence largely into formic acid -- the
major causes of the dreaded symptoms of "next morning"
hangover.
Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame
in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg
methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned
into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg,
is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in
drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1286
methanol products (formaldehyde and formic acid) are main
cause of alcohol hangover symptoms [same as from similar
amounts of methanol, the 11% part of aspartame]:
YS Woo et al, 2005 Dec: Murray 2006.01.20
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition:
Bouchard M et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial
sources are degradation of fruit pectins, liquors,
aspartame, smoke: Murray 2005.04.02
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Souring on fake sugar (aspartame), Jennifer Couzin, Science 2007.07.06: 4 page letter to FDA from 12 eminent USA toxicologists re two Ramazzini Foundation cancer studies 2007.06.25: Murray 2007.07.18 
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