Smoking may bring on early menopause
Thu Jul 19, 2007 5:14PM EDT
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who smoke are more likely to begin
menopause before the age of 45 years, which puts them at increased risk of
osteoporosis and heart disease, Norwegian researchers report.
Among a group of 2,123 women 59 to 60 years old, those who currently smoked
were 59 percent more likely than non-smokers to have undergone early
menopause, Dr. Thea F. Mikkelsen of the University of Oslo and her
colleagues found. For the heaviest smokers, the risk of early menopause was
nearly doubled.
However, women who were smokers, but quit at least 10 years before
menopause, were substantially less likely than current smokers to have
stopped menstruating before age 45.
There is evidence that smoking later in life makes a woman more likely to
have early menopause, while smokers who quit before middle age may not be
affected, Mikkelsen and her team note in the online journal BMC Public
Health. They investigated the relationship further and determined if
exposure to second-hand smoke might also influence the timing of menopause.
The researchers found that nearly 10 percent of the women went through
menopause before age 45. About 25 percent were current smokers, 28.7 percent
were ex-smokers and 35.2 percent reported current passive exposure to smoke.
As mentioned, the current smokers were 59 percent more likely to have
reached menopause before age 45, while early menopause was nearly twice as
common among the women who smoked the most.
But women who had
quit smoking at least a decade before menopause were 87
percent less likely than their peers who currently smoked to have gone
through menopause early.
Compared with married women, widows were also at increased risk of early
menopause, as were women who said they were in poor health. More educated
women were less likely to go into menopause early, but they were also less
likely to be smokers.
High social participation also cut early menopause risk. The researchers
found no link between coffee or alcohol consumption or passive exposure to
smoke and early menopause risk.
"The earlier a woman stops smoking," Mikkelsen and her team conclude, "the
more protection she derives with respect to an early onset of menopause."
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